公正读后感1

社群主义的社群应该从哪里来，谁能知之。

读完有些收益。作者桑德尔最后提出“共同体主义”或说是“社群主义”的主张。他的很多观念类似社会主义了。不过他与社会主义的最大区别在于，他的政治主张脱离了对经济基础的分析，只是空泛的提出我们应该如何参与政治，过什么样的政治生活，而忽略了，离开经济基础，对任何政治理念的主张都将失败。没人会听你啰嗦，除非你解决其经济生活的问题。富人永远按富人的方式行事，利益集团将永远以自身利益为向导，再“公正”的理念也无法打动他们。当然，他们中的个别人会同意，总有这样的人存在，但这些人不能多到改变世界的地步。

另，社群主义没提到一个关键点，是什么样的理念或者事实形成了这个“社群”？桑德尔大概认为国家足以形成这个社群，行政单位，例如一洲一郡足以，他提出的有关共同体的主张都是以美国这个国家为背景和基础的，美国人应该如何如何，似乎美国人天然就是一个共同体，但，我很怀疑。我同意社群这个概念，但是社群应该基于价值观而非地理区划，应基于文化、理念而非一些非必然因素的人群的聚集。

另，美国这样大一个国家，3亿人，其成为一个共同体，是有天然缺陷的，现在的美国在走向分裂而非团结，例如种族问题它就没办法解决，这个前提下提“共同体”的建设有何意义呢？中国当然没有美国这个问题，但是，假如社群基于理念和价值观，那么是否可以无限制扩充其人群规模呢？恐怕不能，我的直觉告诉我理念和价值观的影响力只能囿于一个特定范围，例如只能有效辐射至20万人，或者100万人，超出这个范围，其影响就会走形，导致混乱、反噬和失败，这个事情跟管理层级问题有些类似、有些关联，但也不是同一个问题。

古代圣王时期，圣王之所以可以产生那么大的`影响力，是不是跟古代人人员规模有限（通常就几万人到几百万人的规模）有关呢？值得研究。

公正读后感2

如果说当我手捧《战争与和平》这本书时，是怀着崇敬的心情的话，那么，当我读完《战争与和平》这本书时，我的心却久久不能平静。因为，在此之前，关于俄罗斯大作家列夫？托尔斯泰的《战争与和平》，我已经听说不少，今天，当我完整地学习了《战争与和平》这部小说后，对小说及其作者有了更深的认识。

托尔斯泰是世界上几乎无人能与之媲美的伟大作家。他的文学创作，不仅数量众多，而且体裁丰富，被誉为19世纪俄罗斯社会生活的百科全书，象一面镜子真实地反映了那个时期俄罗斯社会生活的一切矛盾和巨大的社会变动。 《战争与和平》以保尔康斯基、别祖霍夫、罗斯托夫、华西里四大贵族家庭在战争与和平年代里的生活为情节线索，生动地展现了18XX年至1820年间，俄奥联军同法军在奥斯特里茨的会战、法军入侵俄国、莫斯科大火、拿破仑军队溃退等一系列重大历史事件，表现了战士们的爱国主义和英雄主义精神，歌颂了俄国人同仇敌忾精神和人民力量的伟大胜利。场面壮观，结构清晰，具有强烈时代感。 体会最深的是，这部小说人物形象非常鲜明、富有个性。如安得烈性格内向，意志坚定，有较强的社会活动能力；彼埃尔心直口快，易动感情，缺少实际活动能力，更侧重于道德理想的追求；女主人公娜塔莎则是个情感丰富，生机勃勃，热爱大自然，接近人民，具有民族气质的女人。他们在保卫祖国的战争中得到了锻炼和成长，这几个主要人物形象都具有较高的认识价值和审美价值。而以库拉金为代表的宫廷贵族的贪婪、虚伪和堕落的个性，也被赤裸裸地刻画出来，并进行了无情的鞭笞。 我觉得，《战争与和平》这样的小说，对我来说，虽然有点深奥而新鲜，但通过这次学习，我对这样的世界名著有了初步的认识和学习欲望。

悲惨世界英语读后感(1)

Les miserables is a was praised as "Shakespeare of France's famous" great writer Victor Hugo's birth. It features from the failure of napoleon at Waterloo until people's uprising against July dynasty this phase of history and reality, draw a picture of a huge social and political life.

It depicts the hero jean valjean bumpy, miserable life, more highlights the injustice of the society at that time, it is like a colorful picture, the whole nearly half a century history in the process of broad social life picture, show the one: provincial remote town, binhai new industry town, terrible court, dark prison, wretched slums in Paris, dark monastery, the graveyard of terror, the suburbs was mean inn, miserable ring of Waterloo, wars of the barricade, shelter evil people and practices of the sewer... This big long scrolls of every scene, all lifelike, its very true very meticulous detail also writes, the format of the image is so bright, color is so magnificent dense, momentum is so majestic, not in the history of literature model of realism and romanticism combination?

In this one les miserables, let me, I also appreciate the different great: like jean valjean's great personality; Javert treat the greatness of conscience and responsibility; Bishop of rice has great tolerance; Eponine treat love great...

《悲惨世界》是在一位被人们誉为“法兰西的莎士比亚”的著名的大作家雨果手中诞生的。它刻画了从拿破仑在滑铁卢的失败直到反对七月王朝的人民起义这一阶段的历史现实，绘制了一幅规模庞大的社会和政治生活的图画。

它描绘了主人公冉阿让坎坷、悲惨的一生，更突出了当时社会的不公正，它就好像是一幅五彩缤纷的画，把整整将近半个世纪历史过程中广阔的社会生活画面，都一一展现了出来：外省偏僻的小城，滨海的新兴工业城镇，可怕的法庭，黑暗的监狱，巴黎悲惨的贫民窟，阴暗的'修道院，恐怖的坟场，郊区寒怆的客店，惨厉绝伦的滑铁卢战场，战火纷飞的街垒，藏污纳垢的下水道……这一漫长浩大的画轴中每一个场景，无不

在这一本《悲惨世界》，让我深有感触，也让我领略到不同的伟大：就像冉阿让人格的伟大;沙威对待良心与职责的伟大;米里哀主教宽容的伟大;爱潘妮对待爱情的伟大……

悲惨世界英语读后感(2)

Watching the les miserables, jean valjean tall image always emerge in front of my eyes. He is ready to help others, honest is good, good character, although due to the forced by life, had made some mistake, but this does not affect his personality, because he spent a lifetime in continuously improve their difficulties and adversity.

Jean valjean was out of work, because life poverty, he stole a loaf of bread, was caught in prison, the evil old society! After prison, he was leader of bent on revenge influence restored confidence in life and aspire to from good, he came to monte, renamed Madeleine, set up factories, became a millionaire, has helped many people, as the mayor. Integrity, however, he didn't want to let others take the rap for him and was put into prison...

What kind of jean valjean, he good for bad, ready to help others, raising a baby, you planned to. In order to make cosette happiness, have the courage to admits his true identity, this need how much courage, how much love! Although repeatedly by the people's misunderstanding and discrimination, but jean valjean always abide by the promise of the bishop, silently to do an honest, kind person.

I moved for jean valjean, if we can face up to its own like jean valjean error, can try their best to correct, look at the world with a heart of universal love, our world will become more beautiful. I'm sad for jean valjean, for his newspaper, if jean valjean had life in socialist China, so his experience might not be so rough.

看完《悲惨世界》一书，冉阿让高大的形象始终浮现在我的眼前。他乐于助人，淳朴善良，品格高尚，虽然由于生活所迫，曾犯过一些错，但这并没有影响他的人格，因为他用了一生的时间在艰辛和逆境中不断地完善自己。

冉阿让失业了，因为生活贫因，他偷了一块面包，就被抓住关进监狱，万恶的旧社会!出狱后，一心想报复的他受教主的感化恢复了对生活的信心并立志从善，他来到蒙特亿，改名马德兰，开办工厂，成了富翁，帮助了许许多多的人，当上了市长。然而，为人正直的他由于不想让别人替他顶罪又被抓进监狱……

多么善良的冉阿让，他以德报怨，乐于助人，抚养孤女，不求回报。为了让珂赛特获得幸福，勇于坦言自己的真实身份，这需要多大的勇气，需要多大的爱心啊!虽然一再地受人们的误解和歧视，但冉阿让始终默默地遵守对主教的诺言，做一个正直，善良的人。

我为冉阿让而感动，如果我们都能像冉阿让那样勇敢面对自己的错误，尽自己所能去改正，以一颗博爱的心去看世界，那我们的世界将变得更美好。我为冉阿让而难过，为他报不平，如果冉阿让生活在社会主义的中国，那么他的经历也许就不会那么坎坷了。

篇【1】：老人与海

The Old Man and the Sea is one of Hemingway's most enduring works.Told in language of great simplicity and power,it is the story of an old Cuban fisherman,down on his luck,and his supreme ordeal——a relentless,agonizing battle with a giant marlin far out in the Gulf Stream.

Here Hemingway recasts,in strikingly contemporary style,the classic thene of courage in the face of defeat,of personal triumph won from los.

Written in 1952,this hugely successfully novella confirmed his power and presence in the literary world and played a huge part in his winning the 1954 Nobel Prize for Literature.

The novel is very famous in the world, so lot of people like this novel. We also studied it in our Chinese class, Hemingway's novel are always interesting I like his novel much, also in his novel we can learn a lot by his meanings.

It’s really a good novel for people to read.

中文翻译：老人与海是海明威的最不朽的作品。在非常简单的语言告诉和权力，这是一个古老的古巴渔夫的故事，他运气不佳，他的最高考验——一个无情的，与远处的海湾流的一个巨大的马林鱼的痛苦的斗争。

海明威在这里重述，在惊人的现代风格，在面对失败的勇气的经典主题，取胜的个性。1952写的，这个非常成功的中篇小说证实了他的权力和世界文学的存在和在他赢得了1954年度诺贝尔文学奖起到了很大的一部分。

这部小说在世界上很有名，所以很多人喜欢这部小说。我们还研究了它在语文课上，海明威的小说我都喜欢他的小说非常有趣的，也在他的小说中我们可以学到很多自己的意义，这真的让人读一本好的小说。

篇【2】：双城记

After reading "A tale of two cities" "A tale of two cities" is one of Dickens's most important representative works.The novel profoundly exposed the society contradiction before the French Revolution,intensely attacks the aristocratic social clais dissolute and cruel,and sincerely sympathizes with the depressed classes.The novel also described many magnificent scenes like the revolt people attacked Bastille and so on,which displayed people's great strength.

The novel has portrayed many different people. Doctor Manette is honest and kind but suffers the persecution actually ， Lucie is beautiful and gentle ，Charles is graceful and noble，Lorry is upright and honest ，Sydney is semblance of indifferent, innermost feelings of warm,unconventional but also selfleand lofty，MiProis straightforward and loyal，Evremonde brothers are cruel and sinister......The complex hatred is hard to solve, the cruel revenge has made more hatreds, loves rebirth in the hell edge,but take the life as the price.

As an outstanding writer,in Dickens's work,the language skill is essential.Each kind of rhetoric technique,like the analogy,the exaggeration,the contrast,the humorous,and the taunt are handled skillfully,and the artistry of the work is also delivered the peak."A tale of two cities" has its difference with the general historical novel, its character and the main plot are all fictionalizes.With the broad real background of the French Revolution,the author take the fictional character Doctor Manette's experience as the main clue,interweaves the unjust charge, upholstery and so many techniques,causes the structure integrity and strictness,the plot winding anxious and rich of theatrical nature,it displayed the remarkable artistic skill.the style "A tale of two cities" is solemnity and melancholy,fills indignantion,but lacks the humor of the early works.

双语对照：

《双城记》是狄更斯最重要的代表作，小说深刻地揭露了法国大革命前的社会矛盾，强烈地抨击贵族社会克劳狄斯放荡不羁的和残酷的，并真诚地同情下层。小说也描写了许多华丽的场景一样起义人民攻击巴士底狱等，其中显示了人民的伟大力量。

小说刻画了许多不同的人。曼内特医生是诚实和善良而遭受迫害，露西是美丽的，温柔的，查尔斯是优雅高贵，卡车是正直和诚实的，悉尼是外表冷漠，内心的温暖，但也非selfleand崇高，miprois正直忠诚，埃佛瑞蒙德兄弟残忍和邪恶的......复杂仇恨是很难的要解决的`，残酷的报复了更多的仇恨，爱重生在地狱的边缘，但以生命为代价。

作为一个杰出的作家，狄更斯的作品中，语言技能是必要的。每一种修辞手法，如比喻，夸张，对比，幽默和嘲讽，被熟练地运用，作品的艺术也达到了顶峰。“两个城市”的故事有其一般历史小说的区别，其特征和主要情节都是虚构的。在法国大革命的广泛的实际背景，作者以虚构角色马内特医生的经历为主线，将不公正的指控，室内装饰和许多技术，导致结构的完整性和严密性，情节曲折紧张，富有戏剧性，它显示了卓越艺术技巧。两个“城市的故事”是庄严和忧郁，填补indignantion，但缺乏早期作品的幽默感。