汉英对比研究一百年读后感合集56句-读后感
Every girl can be a princess, even though she lives in a low attic, even though she is in shabby clothes, even though she is not beautiful, nevertheless, she can be a real princess at heart.
A Little Princess is a touching novel written by Frances Hodgson Burnett—a famous novelist and dramatist. It obviously contains lots of fancied plots, but the parts it talks about creating miracles, can really reach the bottom of my heart. The book can bring me into a world that is more than reality while reading it. The extraordinary story makes me ponder a lot and gives me a deep impression that every girl can be a princess.
In my opinion, it is impossible for every rich girl to act like a well-behaved princess, but Sara, the heroine of the novel, did it! She was an imaginative little girl who had such intelligent small face and such perfect manners. Sara was a very nice girl who had a gentle, appreciative ways of saying, such as “If you please” “Thank you” which was very charming. So, not only her teachers and classmates liked her, but also her servants liked her. There was a time when Sara became a poor and pitiful servant insulted by the snobbish headmaster of the school. In spite of this, she had never complained to anyone about the horrible suffering she had endured. Sara was confident, brave, optimistic and kind-hearted just like before and she had never given up her enthusiasm of life. No matter when, Sara acted like a princess, and on account of this, she had accomplished a GREat deal of miracles over and over again.
After reading this outstanding book, I was shocked by Sara, a little girl who suffered such unimaginable pain and tortures, but still had an opposite attitude towards life. What impresses me most is that Sara put on her act of being a princess when she wore thin bottom shoes, wading in the street of London. From my point of view, her spirit of being so strong-minded when she was in hard times is worth admiring.
Truly, every girl is a princess coming into common life. The “princess” I mean is not a princess living in the palace and being regarded as the apple of everyone’s eye. As the matter of fact, the “princess” is at heart. I am in the belief that every ordinary girl in the world can be a princess. The way for a girl to be a princess is quite simple. Just suppose! You can suppose yourself to be a princess, and go about your business confidently without caring how the others would treat you. If you want to have more resemblance to a princess, be more kind and try your best to help the people in need. The most important thing you are supposed to do is that to feel like a real princess at any occasion, particularly when you are involved with enormous melancholy. Do not feel the conditions you faced are extremely wretched and attempt to get rid of the feeling of hopelessness and uneasiness. The less you look like a princess, the more you need to feel like a princess at heart.
Every girl can be a princess if she can do all I mentioned, no matter she is rich, beautiful or not. To speak truthfully, I cannot do as well as Sara. However, I will exert myself on being a princess mentally.
Do not feel depressed any more, to be a well-thought-of princess like Sara. You can do it, because Every Girl Can Be A princess.
每个女孩都可以成为公主,虽然她生活在一个低的阁楼,虽然她是在破旧的衣服,即使她不漂亮,但是,她可以是一个真正的公主的心。
一个小公主是一个感人的小说写的弗朗西斯霍奇森Burnett-a著名的小说家和剧作家。显然,它包含许多虚构的情节,但部分谈到创造奇迹,真的可以到达心底。这本书能让我变成了一个比现实世界更在阅读它。非凡的故事让我思考了很多,给了我一个深刻的印象,每个女孩都可以成为公主。
在我看来,每一个富有的女孩不可能像一个行为端正的公主,但莎拉,小说的女主人公,做到了!她是一个富有想象力的小女孩有这样聪明的小脸上,这样完美的礼仪。莎拉是一个非常漂亮的女孩有一个温柔的,欣赏的方式说,如“请”“谢谢”这非常迷人。不仅如此,她的老师和同学喜欢她,而且她的`仆人喜欢她。曾经有一段时间,萨拉成为了贫穷和可怜的仆人侮辱了势利的校长的学校。尽管如此,她从未向任何人抱怨她经历了可怕的痛苦。莎拉是自信,勇敢,乐观,善良,就像之前,她从来没有放弃她的生活热情。无论何时,莎拉就像一位公主,因为这,她完成了大量的奇迹一次又一次。
读完这本优秀的书,我震惊莎拉,一个小女孩遭受难以想象的痛苦和折磨,但仍有一个相反的生活态度。让我印象最深刻的是,萨拉穿上她的公主,当她穿薄底鞋,涉水在伦敦的街头。从我的观点来看,她的精神意志坚强的她在困难时期值得欣赏。
真的,每一个女孩都是公主进入共同生活。“公主”我的意思是说不是一个公主住在皇宫,被视为每个人的的掌上明珠。事实上,“公主”的心。我相信世界上每一个普通的女孩可以是一个公主。为一个女孩是公主非常简单。只是假设!你可以假设自己是一个公主,自信地去做自己的事不关心别人如何对待你。公主如果你想有更多的相似之处,更善良,尽你最大的努力去帮助那些需要帮助的人。最重要的事情你应该做的是,觉得自己像一个真正的公主在任何场合,特别是当你涉及巨大的忧郁。不觉得你面临的情况非常可怜,试图摆脱绝望和不安的感觉。你看起来像个公主越少,你越需要感觉自己像个公主一样的心。
每个女孩都可以成为公主如果她能做所有我提到的,不管她是富裕,美丽的或不。如实说,我不能做以及莎拉。然而,我将发挥自己作为一个公主的精神。
不要感到沮丧,是一个受尊敬的公主像莎拉。你能做到,因为每个女孩都可以成为公主。
论文摘要:本文将举例并对比分析汉英词语国俗语义差异的几种类型,即国俗语义基本一致;国俗语义部分一致;国俗语义不一致或者相反;国俗语义只在一种语言中存在。旨在充分了解汉英两种语言在这些方面的异同,为进行更好的翻译、跨文化交际做好准备。
一、引言
翻译作为一种跨文化交际的行为涉及到得不仅仅是语言,更多的是对两种文化的转换。作为最小的能够独立运用的语言单位,词汇本身承载着很多文化民族意义,也就是国俗语义。因此在进行翻译的过程中,译者需要充分考虑到汉英两种词汇在国俗语义方面的差距,为更好的跨文化交际做准备。
二、汉英对应词语的国俗语义关系及其翻译
国俗语义是指在词汇的实体指称意义上添加的一个民族文化含义,在反映概念的基础上增添了附加民族文化色彩,离开民族文化背景,难以准确理解词语的含义。英汉对应词语的国俗语义在跨文化交际中呈现出同异并存的现象。下文就这四种情形分别举例植物词以及习语进行讨论。
1 对应词语的国俗语义基本一致时的翻译
由于事物本身的.属性是一致的,人们对某些事物的现象的认识能力大同小异,因此,英汉有些对应词语的国俗语义基本一致。在对此了解的基础上,译者方可直译意象,达到传神。
植物词。laurel(桂树):中西方人都将laurels(桂冠)视为“胜利”、“荣誉”和“辉煌成就”的象征。汉语中“蟾宫折桂”喻指科举及第、“丹桂”是月亮的代称、“桂树”喻指“长寿”。因此在翻译“looktoone’slaurels”和“winone’slaurels”可分别洋为“确保声誉”和“金榜题名”。
习浯。这里的国俗语义基本可分为两种情况:第一种在内容方面也就是二者的意思、思想等完全一样或几乎完全一样。形式方而也就是二者在词、句的表达方面完全一样或几乎完全一样。比如“justsoso”和“不过尔尔”;”ANo.1”和“天字第一号”等等。第二种如“toburnone’sboat”和“破釜沉舟”;”t0one’sheart’sdesire”和“称心如意”等,这些习语形式不一,但是表达了相同的内容。从对比中我们不难看出了解国俗语义差别对翻译具有很重要的指导作用。
2 对应词语的国俗语义部分一致时的翻译
汉英对应词的国俗语义存在只有部分一致或相似,也就是说,对应的国俗同语在某些方面会引起不同民族的共同联想,而在其它方面却会引起不同的联想。此时要求译者充分了解语境,对词汇意义进行分析,而后选择翻译策略。
植物词。willow(柳):从前英国人戴柳枝编成的帽子表示哀思,英美许多文学作品中,就用willow来象征因失去心爱的人,尤其是恋人而感到的悲伤。“柳”在汉语中也有“离别”、“忧渤”、“苗条”、“避邪”等国俗语义。古代送别诗中,常以“折柳赠别”或以“折柳”代称送别,其中蕴含着诸多令人神伤的离情别绪。同时汉语中也用“柳姿”形容女子姿色,又用“柳”比喻女子眉毛纤细、身段苗条。这在英语中就会显得奇怪,如红楼梦中对黛玉的描述,在翻译时要注意。
习语。在习语方面,汉英的对应词上出现了一种不对等的部分对应,即两种不同的表达方式表达的却是相同的国俗语义。例如,“torobPetertOpayPaul”和“拆东墙补西墙”,“thekissofJudas”和“口蜜腹剑”,“tospendmoneylikewater”和“挥金如土”等等。习语国俗语义上的相似,可以使得译文的传神达意更加的到位。 3 对应词语的国俗语义不一致或者相反时的翻译
基于以上谈到的两点,我们不难想到在汉、英语言的对应词中,会有一部分词汇的国俗语义大相径庭,甚至截然相反。这时作者最好采取意译的翻译方法对其进行解释说明。
植物词。“Apple(苹果)”一词在汉语中与“平安”谐音,因此中国古代新娘出嫁坐花轿的时候要手捧苹果,意蕴平安。而在英语中,对“a11appieofdiscord”的翻译应为,引起不和的因素。在希腊神话中,竞美的三位女神为争夺它而引发特洛伊战争,因此有意为引起不和的寓意。
习语。英语中跟“dog”有关的习语大多有褒义,如loveme,lovemydog;luckydog;dressedlikeadog’sdinner。因此在翻译的过程中,以上英语俗语应翻译成:爱屋及乌,幸运儿,穿着极为讲究等。汉语中跟“dog”有关的习语大多有贬义,如“狗急跳墙”;“狗尾续貂”;“狗仗人势”;“狗眼看人低”等。
4 对应词语的国俗语义只在一种语言中存在时的翻译
每一种文化都有一些其独有的词汇;这些词汇包含的文化蕴涵是来自于另一文化背景的语言使用者不明了或者很难理解的,尤其是那些包含历史、地理、宗教、风俗习惯、典故知识的习语。此时译者可以根据译文的目的分别采用意译或直译加注释的方法进行翻译。
植物词。竹(bamboo):“竹”与中国传统文化有极深的关系。古人常用“高风亮节”概括其品性,象征“正直、坚贞、有骨气”等高尚品格。如《孔子家语》曰:“山南之竹,不博自直,斩而为箭,射而达”,以此教人正直、坚强。竹与人们的生活密切相关,苏东坡曾说:“宁可食无肉,不可居无竹。”由此,竹子便成了活跃的喻体,如“势如破竹”、“功垂竹帛”、“胸有成竹”、“竹篮打水一场空”等等。
习语。汉英习语空缺主要出现在宗教、文学和神话等方面。例如“theAchilies’heel’’;“theTowerofBabe”等在汉语中均找不到相应的对应,在跨文化交际过程中则要通过上下文进行解释,分别译为“致命弱点,薄弱环节”和“空想的计划”。
三、结语
从以上分析我们可以看出,汉英对应词的国俗语义在不同的文化背景下往往具有其独特性,作为跨文化交际主体的我们应该充分了解汉英两种语言在这些方面的异同,为进行更好的进行蕴含文化民族语义的词汇翻译打下良好的基础。
参考文献:
[1]谭颖:中英动物语汇及其文化价值之关联与比较[J].武汉大学学报,2002(1).
[2]潘红编著,英汉国俗语义例话[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,20五、
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美国之梦英语读后感
Novel describe and buy to sell through perfect art form wine upstart" American dream" that Gatsby pursue unreal the twenties Kill , has announced the tragedy of the American society。 Gatsby falls in love with Daisy and departure is actually a very ordinary love story。 But the author makes skilful opening moves, regard girl whom Gatsby loved the symbols of the youth, money and status deeply as, Regard U。S。A。 as by means to pursue rich material life" Dream of"。 For pursue Gatsby Daisy exhaust own emotion and ability and intelligence, ruin one's own life。 He thought innocently : Can revive an old dream after having money, redeem the lost love。 It's a pity , he is wrong。 He has misunderstood this one of Daisy Vulgar and shallow woman 。 He has misunderstood the boring society on the surface dissipated and luxurious and hollowly on spirit。 Whether it live he the dreamlike China, is abandoned by Daisy, treats for the society coldly, Cast the tragedy that can't retrieve at last。
Gatsby is the typical American youth in the twenties。 Experience of him whether joyous song smile at portrayal in" knight's times" of dance。 Sweetheart Daisy of one's early years such as Gatsby marry rich and life dissolute Tom。 For win Daisy, by buy to sell he wine accumulate first a large sum of wealth again He thought innocently : Can revive an old dream after having money, redeem the lost love 。But he fails to gain Daisy's heart finally, has exhausted one's own emotion and ability and intelligence in order to pursue Daisy, Ruin one's own life finally。 The illusion that Gatsby revived an old dream has gone for ever。 The author composes a chilly and disappointed sad melody with the multicoloured note, leave somebody limitless thinking。
【参考译文】
小说描述和购买通过完美的艺术形式的葡萄酒新贵的“美国梦”盖茨比追求虚幻的二十杀卖,宣布了美国社会的悲剧。盖茨比爱上了戴茜并离开其实是一个很普通的爱情故事,但作者巧妙的开启动作,把加茨比喜欢的女孩青春的符号,金钱和地位的深入,以美国为手段追求丰富的物质生活的“梦想”。为了追求Gatsby Daisy排气自己情绪的能力和智慧,毁了自己的生活。他天真地认为:能重温旧梦有了钱之后,赎回失去的爱情。可惜,他错了,他误解了这一Daisy VuLGAR和浅薄的女人。他误解了无聊的社会表面上放荡奢侈和空洞的精神。无论生活他梦幻般的.中国,是被遗弃的戴茜,为社会冷漠对待,铸造的悲剧,无法挽回的最后。
盖茨比是年代典型的美国青年。体验他是否快乐的歌笑,“骑士时代”的舞蹈形象。早年如盖茨比嫁给富豪Sweetheart Daisy生活放荡的汤姆,赢得了戴茜,他通过购买葡萄酒积累第一一大笔财富,他又天真地认为销售:可以重温旧梦有了钱之后,赎回失去的爱情。但他未能获得黛西的心,最后,用尽了自己的情感、能力和智慧来追求戴茜,毁了自己的生活,最后,以为盖茨比复活了一个古老的梦想已经一去不复返。作者组成一个寒冷和失望,悲伤的旋律与五彩音符,离开的人无限的思考。
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