【第1句】： 现在分词,过去分词,举例说明

一.分词总介： 分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种，是一种非谓语动词形式 现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示"主动和进行"，过去分词表示"被动和完成"（不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成）.分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等. 【第1句】：分词作状语分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等. 分词（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句中主语相一致..当现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时， 则用现在分词的完成式，且所表示动作与谓语动作同时发生， 则用现在分词的一般式.完成或被动关系用过去分词. （1）现在分词The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking. (2)过去分词Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better. 【第2句】："while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)+分词"结构现在分词或过去分词作状语时，有时可以在分词前加while,when, once, although, until, if等连词. When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us. While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work…… Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well. Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand. 【第3句】：分词作定语分词作定语时，单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面.现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词（即与名词有主谓关系），过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词（即与名词是动宾关系）. We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund. This is really an exhausting day to all of us! We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight. After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day. More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries 【第4句】：分词作宾语补足语现在分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语，作宾语补语的成分. 【第5句】：分词作表语分词作表语通常看作形容词来用.现在分词表示主语的性质，而且主语多为物；过去分词表示主语的感受或状态，主语多为人.一.现在分词的用法： 1） 做表语： He was very amused. That book was rather boring. 很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语： exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling. 2） 作定语： 上面所出现的现在分词都可以用作定语， 修饰一个名词： That must have been a terrifying experience. I found him a charming person. 现在分词短语还可以放在名词的后面修饰名词， 相当于一个定语从句： There are a few boys swimming in the river. There is a car waiting outside. 3） 作状语： 现在分词短语可以表示一个同时发生的次要的或伴随的动作： Following Tom, we started to climb the mountain. Opening the drawer, he took out a box. Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door. 现在分词短语还可以表示原因， 相当于一个原因状语从句： Not knowing her address, we couldn't get in touch with her. Being unemployed, he hasn't got much money. 现在分词短语还可以表示时间， 相当于一个时间状语从句： Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Returning home, he began to do his homework. Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis. Be careful when crossing the road. Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner. Having finished her work, she went home. 4）作宾补： 现在分词在一些动词之后可以做宾语的补语： 例如， see, hear, catch, find, keep , have 等. I see him passing my house every day. I caught him stealing things in that shop. I smelt something burning. She kept him working all day.二.过去分词的用法： 1） 作表语： We were so bored that we couldn't help yawning. She felt confused, and even frightened. They were very pleased with the girl. I'm satisfied with your answer. He is not interested in research. 2） 作定语： She has a pleased look on her face. The teacher gave us a satisfied smile. cooked food a written report fried eggs boiled water frozen food armed forces required courses fallen leaves finished products a forced smile the risen sun new arrived visitors What's the language spoken in that country? They're problem left over by history. The play put on by the teachers was a big success. Is there anybody injured? Do you know the number of books ordered? 3）作状语： Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent. Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year. They came in, followed by some children. Depressed, 。

【第2句】： 在句子中能做状语成分的都有什么

【第1句】：副词

theoretically you're right,but things may not work like that in fact.

理论上你是对的，但事情的发展实际上可能并不如此。

【第2句】：介词短语

she did this out of kindness.她这样做是出于好心。

【第3句】：不定式（短语）

i am very pleased to have made your acquaintance.

我认识了你非常高兴。

【第4句】：分词（短语）

compared to many women,she was indeed very fortunate.

和许多女人相比，她确实是很幸运。

【第5句】：形容词

they all rushied over,eager to help.他们都跑了过去，急于要帮忙。

【第6句】：词组

she jumped ten feet.她跳了十英尺远。

【第7句】：符合结构

that being the case,we'll have to reconsider the whole thing.

情况既然如此，整个这件事我们就得重新考虑了。

【第8句】：从句

we did it only vecause wo has to.我们这样做十处于不得已。

【第3句】： 什么词可做伴随状语

定义：伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生，它的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。

例如：

①He sat in the armchair,reading a newspaper.

他坐在扶手椅里读报。

②All night long he lay awake,thinking of the problem.

他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。

伴随状语出现的条件是由一个主语发出两个动作或同一个主语处于两种状态，或同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态。伴随状语的逻辑主语一般情况下必须是全句的主语，伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。伴随状语可以有以下几种表示方法：

【第1句】：使用分词形式

The dog entered the room, following his master（这条狗跟着主人进了屋）。

The master entered the room,followed by his dog（主人进了屋，后面跟着他的狗）。

【第2句】：用with复合结构

The little girls were playing with snow with their hands frozen red（小女孩们在玩雪，手都冻红了）。

【第3句】：用独立主格结构

The little boy goes to school, the little dog accompanying him every day（这小孩每天去上学，那条小狗陪伴着他）。

【第4句】：用形容词

Crusoe went home, full of fear（克鲁索满怀恐惧地回家）。

Confident of the victory the players are fighting hard（运动员们对比赛夺胜满怀信心奋力拼搏）。

The match will be broadcast live（这场比赛将作实况转播）。

He left home young and came back old（他少小离家老大回）。

【第5句】：用名词

He went away a beggar but retumed a millionaire（他讨吃要饭离家，腰缠万贯回归）。

He who had been twice prime minister of the country, died civilian（他曾两度出任这个国家的总理，而死的时候却是一个平民）。

【第6句】：用介词短语

The girl came back to her mother in tears.（这女孩眼泪汪汪地回到母亲身边）。

How can you go to the wedding party in rags（你怎能衣衫褴褛地去参加婚宴）？

I went home out of breath（我上气不接下气地回家）。

本人小抄。

另外，伴随状语是状语从句的一种。

【第4句】： 什么词性可以作状语

【第1句】：形容词作状语表示伴随的状态.

I got home ,tired and thirsty.

【第2句】：副词作状语，可以表示时间，地点，方式等.

He runs slowly.

Yesterday we had a meeting .

【第3句】：数词作状语.

The meeting lasted for two hours.

【第4句】：介词短语作状语.

I met Tom in the street.

【第5句】：不定式作状语，可以是目地状语，原因状语或结果状语.I came here to see you.

【第6句】：现在分词作状语.

They came out of the classroom ,talking and laughing.

【第7句】：过去分词作状语.

【第5句】： 【第1句】：一般过去时句子的时间状语都表示,因此,句中的谓语动词都使用形

一般过去式句子时间状语都表示过去，用动词-ed形式表示过去.was /were +主语 +其它，did +主语+do +其它一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时间发生，也可以表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作.一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响，只说明过去的事情；一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如：yesterday,last week ,in the past ,in 1993,at that time,once,during the war,before,a few days ago,when 等等；带有确定的过去时间状语时，要用过去时.如：yesterday（昨天）、two days ago…（两天前…… ）、last year…（去年…）、the other day（前几天）、once upon a time（很久以前）、just now（刚才）、in the old days（过去的日子里）、before liberation（解放前…）、When I was 8 years old（当我八岁时…）、at+一个时间点；表示过去连续发生的动作时，要用过去时.这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来表示；表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作.常与always,never等连用；如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用 used to do（过去常常做，而现在不那样做了）；有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话，也要用过去时.时间状语：Ago(two hours ago（一段时间+ago）,yesterday（句首或结尾），the day before yesterday,last week,last(year,night,month…)，具体时间（如Jan.fourth）,just now,at the age of,one day,long ago,once upon a time,and so on,this morning.long long ago（很久以前）the other day（前几天）构成：【第1句】：直接加ed:work—— worked look——looked ,【第2句】：以不发音e结尾的单词，直接加d:live ——lived hope——hoped use——used,3 以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加ed:study—— studied carry——carried worry——worried,4 以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母+ed:stop—— stopped plan——planned。