天安门导游词

你可以去北京的图书城买一本北京的景点导游词

天安门导游词不要废话不要讲过的

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求德语天安门导游词

这个简单啊：来自：Tiananmen-Platz in PekingDer Tiananmen-Platz ist wohl der berühmteste und weltweit bekannteste Ort in Peking. Oft wird er allerdings in einem negativen Zusammenhang genannt, nämlich als Ort der gewaltsam niedergeschlagenen Proteste von 19

【第89句】： Der Tiananmen-Platz ist für Peking und für China jedoch viel mehr, als ein Synonym für diese Geschehnisse.Größe des Tiananmen-PlatzesDer Tiananmen-Platz ist bereits recht alt, war jedoch bis zum Ende der letzten Kaiserdynastie nicht für das Volk zugänglich. Erst ab 1911 wurde der Platz öffentlich zugänglich und Treffpunkt für die Pekinger.Der Tiananmen-Platz wurde dann in den 1950er Jahren von den damals neuen Machthabern neu gebaut. Die Kommunistische Partei und allen voran Mao Zedong wollte damit in erster Linie einen Ort für Parteiveranstaltungen und Massenaufmärsche bauen.Der Tiananmen-Platz wurde als der größe derartige Platz weltweit gebaut und ist wohl auch heute, mit einer Fläche von fast 40 Hektar, einer der größten Plätze seiner Art. Auf dem Tiananmen-Platz können sich bis zu einer Million Menschen versammeln, was vor allem von der KP Chinas während des Regimes von Mao Zedong genutzt wurde für gewaltige Veranstaltungen.Übersetzung Tiananmen-PlatzDie Übersetzung von Tiananmen auf deutsch ist Platz des himmlischen Friedens. Eigentlich sollte es eher heißen Platz vor dem Tor des Himmlischen Friedens, denn Tienanmen bedeutet genau das, Tor des Himmlischen Friedens oder auch Eingang zum Friedlichen Himmel. Denn chinesische Wörter lassen haben nicht immer exakte deutsche Entsprechungen.Die korrekte Schreibweise ist übrigens Tian"anmen. Übersetzt man die einzelnen Bestandteile des Namens Tiananmen, dann erhält man vielleicht einen besseren Eindruck über dessen Bedeutung:Tian bedeutet auf chinesisch Himmel. An bedeute freidlich oder auch ruhig. Men ist das Tor, die Tür oder der Eingang. Umgebung des Tiananmen-PlatzesNördlich des Tiananmen-Platzes befindet sich das große Tor des Himmlischen Friedens, das dem Tiananmen-Platz seinen Namen gibt. Denn der Platz ist im Grunde nichts weiter als der Vorplatz dieses Tores, das zum alten Kaiserpalast führt. Heute ist der Tiananmen-Platz jedoch inzwischen bekannter geworden als das Tor des Himmlischen Friedens selbst.Mitten auf dem Tiananmen-Platz steht das Denkmal für die Helden des Volkes im Kampf um die Befreiung. Der Tiananmen-Platz wird außerdem umgeben von der Großen Halle des Volkes und dem neuen Nationaltheater. In der Großen Halle des Volkes finden regelmäßig Sitzungen von Vertretern aus allen Provinzen statt. Es ist eine Art Parlament Chinas.Außerdem ist auf dem Tiananmen-Platz im Jahre 1976 ein großes Mausoleum eingerichtet worde, in dem der mumifizierte Leichnam von Mao Zedong öffentlich zugänglich ausgestellt wird. Oft sieht man lange Menschenschlangen vor diesem Gebäude warten. Auch heute noch gibt es in China viele Menschen, die einmal einen Blick auf den ehemaligen Großen Steuerman werfen wollen.

我是学导游的 写个月实习 谁能帮我 整个 天安门 故宫 天坛的导游词 没篇2千字以上 谢谢了

故宫词Lying at the center of Beijing the Forbidden City， called Gu Gong， in Chinese， was the imperial palace during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Now known as the Palace Museum， it is to the north of Tiananmen Square. Rectangular in shape， it is the world‘s largest palace complex and covers 74 hectares. Surrounded by a six meter deep moat and a ten meter high wall are 9，999 buildings. The wall has a gate on each side. Opposite the Tiananmen Gate， to the north is the Gate of Devine Might (Shenwumen)， which faces Jingshan Park. The distance between these two gates is 960 meters， while the distance between the gates in the east and west walls is 750 meters. There are unique and delicately structured towers on each of the four corners of the curtain wall. These afford views over both the palace and the city outside. The Forbidden City is divided into two parts. The southern section， or the Outer Court was where the emperor exercised his supreme power over the nation. The northern section， or the Inner Court was where he lived with his royal family. Until 1924 when the last emperor of China was driven from the Inner Court， fourteen emperors of the Ming dynasty and ten emperors of the Qing dynasty had reigned here. Having been the imperial palace for some five centuries， it houses numerous rare treasures and curiosities. Listed by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage Site in 1987， the Palace Museum is now one of the most popular tourist attractions world wide.Construction of the palace complex began in 1407， the 5th year of the Yongle reign of the third emperor of the Ming dynasty. It was completed fourteen years later in 14

【第20句】： It was said that a million workers including one hundred thousand artisans were driven into the long-term hard labor. Stone needed was quarried from Fangshan， a suburb of Beijing. It was said a well was dug every fifty meters along the road in order to pour water onto the road in winter to slide huge stones on ice into the city. Huge amounts of timber and other materials were freighted from faraway provinces. Ancient Chinese people displayed their very considerable skills in building the Forbidden City. Take the grand red city wall for example. It has an

【第8句】：6 meters wide base reducing to

【第6句】：66 meters wide at the top. The angular shape of the wall totally frustrates attempts to climb it. The bricks were made from white lime and glutinous rice while the cement is made from glutinous rice and egg whites. These incredible materials make the wall extraordinarily strong.Since yellow is the symbol of the royal family， it is the dominant color in the Forbidden City. Roofs are built with yellow glazed tiles; decorations in the palace are painted yellow; even the bricks on the ground are made yellow by a special process. However， there is one exception. Wenyuange， the royal library， has a black roof. The reason is that it was believed black represented water then and could extinguish fire.Nowadays， the Forbidden City， or the Palace Museum is open to tourists from home and abroad. Splendid painted decoration on these royal architectural wonders， the grand and deluxe halls， with their surprisingly magnificent treasures will certainly satisfy modern civilians. Welcome to the temple of Heaven. (After self-introduction) preserved cultural heritages of China. There are basically two kinds of visitors who come here: local pensioners who do exercises here in the morning and evening and sightseers both from home and abroad. All in all ,there are 12 million visitors very year. Now we are going to go along the route that leads to the alter. It will take roughly one hour. Mind you ,the emperor also walked along this route to pay tribute to the God of Heaven. (Along the Southern Sacred Road leading to the Circular Mound Altar) The largest group of architectures ever to be dedicated to Heaven ,the Temple of Heaven served as an exclusive altar for Chinese monarchs during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It was decreed that rulers of successive dynasties would place altars in their own capitals to worship Heaven and pray for good harvest. But why ? The ancient Chinese believed that Heaven was the supreme ruler of the universe and the fate of mankind ,and thus worshiping rites dedicated to Heaven came into being. The Heaven the ancient Chinese referred to was actually the Universe, or nature. In those days, there were specfic rites of worship. This was especially true during the Ming and Qing dynasties when elaborate ceremonies were held. The Temple of Heaven was built in 1420 during the reign of Emperor Youngle of the Ming Dynasty. Situated in the southern part of the city ,this grand set of structures covers an area of 273 hectares. To better symbolize heaven and earth ,the northern part of the Temple is circular while the southern part is square .The whole compound is enclosed by two walls, a square wall outside a round one. The outer area is characterized by suburban scenery, while the inner part is used for sacrifices. The inner enclosure consists of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest and the Circular Mound Altar. (Along the Imperial Passage leading from the Southern Lattice Star Gate in front of the Circular Mound Altar) the Circular Mound Altar is enclosed by two walls ,each containing four groups of Southern Lattice Star Gate, each in turn consisting of three doors, with 24 marble doors altogether. Standing on the passage facing north, you will notice that with each pair of doors on is narrower than the other. This reflects the feudal hierarchy: the wider door was reserved for monarchs, while the narrower one was used by courtiers. On the day of the ceremony ,the emperor would don his ritual costume and be ushered in by the official in charge of religious affairs. He ascended the three terraces in the forefront to pay tribute at the alter. (Atop the Circular Mound Alter) we are now on the top terrace of the Altar, or the third terrace .Each terrace has a flight of 9 steps. At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 steps. At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 concentric rings of stone. The number of stones in the first ring is 9, in the second ,18, up to 81 in the 9th ring. Even the number of carved balustrades on these terraces is a multiplee of

【第9句】： But why? According to ancient Chinese philosophy, yin and yang were two opposing factors. Heaven and the odd numbers belonged to yang while the Earth and even numbers belonged to yin. Nine was the largest heavenly number accessible to man . What is more, the ancient people also believed that heaven consisted of nine layers and that the emperor s abode was on the uppermost tier. Once more look at the round stone in the center. The upper terrace is nine zhang (a Chinese unit of length, one zhang equals

【第3句】：3 meters ) in circumference ,while the middle is 15 zhang, the lower, 21 zhang. Classified as yang numbers, the sum of these numerals is 45 zhang which was meant to symbolized success. What is more, by applying the concept of odd numbers and strengthening nine and its multiples, the concept of heaven was thus illustrated and realized . The concept of nine will also be mentioned when we visit some other buildings. Now I will give you a brief account of what happened here annually on the Inter Solstice. The memorial tablet dedicated to Heaven would be set up on the north side of the terrace, while tablets dedicated to the emperor `s ancestors would be enshrined on the flanks. The service would begin around 4 o` clock in the morning. All of the lanterns would be lit .In the foreground, a sacrificial calf is being barbecued. On the square in front of the altar, the emperor, under heavy escort of nearly a thousand courtiers, princes of royal blood ,musicians, dancers and uniformed soldiers, would slowly ascend the altar to offer sacrifice and pray in honor of Heaven. When the service drew to a close ,the sacrifice offered in front of the memorial tablets would be incinerated .All of participants would watch the thick smoke rise upward as if they were seeing God off .Music and dancing would follow .In the end ,the emperor would return to the Forbidden City secure in the belief that he would be blessed and protected by Heaven until the next winter Solstice. It is interesting to note that ,the stone in the very middle of the altar was of major importance ,since it was where the emperor used to stand to say his prayer. The stone ,which is known as the God`s heart Stone, is peculiar in that it is characterized by a specific acoustic phenomenon: it made the emperor` s voice clearer and louder, thus adding to the mystic atmosphere of the service .You can try this out by yourself. (Proceed northward to pass through the Lattice StarGate) (In front of the Gate of glazed tiles) this structure is known as Heaven` s Storehouse. It is entered through the Gate of glazed Tiles. The roofing ,beams, and brackets are all made of glazed tiles or bricks. This is the only structure of its kind in china today . the Heaven` s Storehouse was where memorial tablets dedicated to the gods were kept. Douglas Hurd, a former British foreigh secretary ,once said , “God attends to His affairs on the Cir4cular Mound Altar but stays here. ” Now let` s go in to to see it (Go through the left side door) (In the courtyard of Heaven` s Storehouse) this is the Imperial Vault of Heaven, the main structure of Heaven` s Storehouse. It was built in 1530 and is 17 meters in height and 19 meters in diameter. The structure feature blue roofs topped by a gilded ball ,and carved wooden doors and windows. It is decorated with colored paintings. Founded on a 3-meter-hign round marble terrace ,the building also features a gigantic carved marble ramp laid in the stone staircase leading up to the front entrance.. The ramp is carved in “Two dragons Playing with a pearl ” design in relief. We will enter the main hall by going up the stone staircase on the eastern side. (On the marble terrace of the main hall) the arch of the hall is buttressed by 16 giant pillars on two rings. On top of the pillars there are gilt brackets supporting a circular caisson ,or covered ceiling .The ceiling is characterized by a golden coiling dragon design. The 8 pillar of the inner ring are painted scarlet and decorated with golden lotuses. To the north of the hall there is a marble pedestal. Atop it ,up a wooden flight of 9 steps, is where the major tablet dedicate to Heaven was enshrined. On each flank four tablets are enshrined in honor of the ancestors of the Qing emperors. In the annex hall in hornor of the ancestors of the Qing emperors. In the annex halls in the courtyard, there are tablets dedicated to the deities of the sun, moon ,constellation, cloud ,rain, wind and thunder. (Echo Wall and Triple –sound Stones) Aside from exquisitely laid out architectures, Heaven` s Storehouse is also famous for two structures with peculiar acoustic features, i. E. the Echo Wall and the Triple- Sound Stone. A mere whisper at any point close to the wall can be heard clearly on the other side, although the parties may be 40 or 50 meters apart. This is possible because the wall is round and hermetically constructed with smooth ,solid bricks. In front of the steps leading away from the halls is the Triple Sound Stone. If you stand on the first stone and call out or clap your hands, the sound will echo once; on the second stone, the sound will be heard twice; and on the third stone, the sound will repeat three times. Hence the name. (Go out through the right door and stroll along the circular path northward) (Nine-Dragon Cypress) the Temple of Heaven is also famous for its cypress trees-there are more than 60,000 cypress trees in all ,among which over 4,000 are more than one hundred years old ,adding to the solemn atmosphere of the temple .This tall cypress was planted more than 500 years ago. Its thick branches and twisting trunk resembling nine coiling playful dragons; thus it is known as the Nine-Dragon cypress. It is said that this tree was here to welcome the monarchs. Now it is here to welcome visitor from all over the world. (In the south of Chengzhen Gate) now we are back again on the Central Axis. This brick-arched gate is known as Chengzhen (Adopting Fidelity) .This gate is the northern gate of the Circular Mound Altar and the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest. The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest is situated at the extreme end of the axis. It was used by the emperor in the first month of every lunar year for services dedicated to good harvest. (On the Red Stairway Bridge) entering the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest, we set foot on a raised passage 360 meters long, which the emperor also took to proceed to the hall. This broad north-south walkway, called Danbiqiao (Red Stairway bridge), connects the two sets of main building in the Temple of Heaven and constitutes a single axis. The passage is divided into left, control and right paths by the cross arrangement of slabs. The central and the widest path is known as Heavenly Thoroughfare , which was reserved exclusively for God; nobody, including the emperor, was allowed to set foot onto it . The emperor used the path on the east ,which is known as the Imperial Walk. The ministers and princes used the one on the west .Interesting enough ,there is no walkway left for ordinary people. This is because the Temple of Heaven used to be off-limits to them. Contrary to appearances, this walkway is not a bridge at all . But how so ? This road is 4 meters above the ground and there is a cavern underneath that was reserved for sacrificial oxen and sheep. The cattle were slaughtered at a slaughterhouse about 500 meters away and brought here for sacrifice. All in all ,it can be said this walkway did serve as bridge and can be looked upon as the first cloverleaf in Beijing. Looking back at the thoroughfare, you may realize that this walk is gaining height toward its northern end. As people approach the architectural group of the Hall of Prayer for good Harvest, the flanking groves of cypress recede and perspective widens. Here you are in Heaven. (Costume-Changing Terrace) the marble terrace up ahead is called jufutai, or CostumeChanging Terrace. It is located to the east of the Red Stairway Bridge and covers a space of 25 square meters .IT has marble Slab balustrades. The day before the service ,officials in charge would put up a yellow satin tent on the terrace for the emperor to change out of his yellow dragon robe into blue ceremonial clothes. After the service, the emperor would return to the tentand change back into his imperial robe before returning to the palace. (Proceed to the South Gate of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest) (At the Gate of Prayer for Good Harvest) this structure is called the Gate of Pray for Good Harvest. We can catch a slight glimpse of the central building ,the Hall of Prayer

北京故宫导游词的作文400字

应该先介绍自己。

昨天刚考完，把自己的晒一下，希望对你有帮助：各位旅客朋友们： 大家好

很高兴在这样一个阳光明媚的日子里见到大家，首先我代表我们公司——美好时光旅行社（最好起一个既好听又好记的名称）为大家的到来表示衷心的欢迎

托大家的宏福，很幸运地成为了各位的导游，我姓X，大家叫我小X就可以了，千万不要叫X导，那就太见外了

我身边的这位，是我们这次旅途中最为劳苦功高的一位，我们的司机刘师傅，刘师傅已有26年的驾车经验，由他行车大家可以放心。

虽然我们的车厢不大，但却能容纳五湖四海，既然我们能从960万平方公里的土地上相聚到这个小小的车厢里，借用范伟的一句经典名言“缘分啊……”，因为缘分我们坐到了一起，因为缘分我们成为了朋友，既然是朋友，如果我有什么做得不合适的地方大家要及时提出来，我会立即改正。

就是不希望咱们大家在回程时对我说“小X这个地方你做得不好，小X那个地方你做得不对。

”那么我想你并没有给我改正的机会，我也只能对朋友们说“抱歉，下次我会注意。

”同时也给大家提几个小建议：首先，我们的车已经行驶在高速公路上了，朋友们在座位上坐好就不要乱动了，以免车速过快发生危险。

其次呢，大家都起来得很早，还没有来得及吃早餐，那么希望大家把吃剩下的瓜果梨皮装进一个方便袋子里，下车的时候师傅会为大家清扫，这部车将陪伴我们X天的时间，希望大家能保持一个好的环境。

最后一点就是坐在窗边的朋友千万不要把手或头伸出窗外，以免其它车辆刮伤。

朋友们注意下我们的车是蓝白相间的金龙车，车牌号是XXXX，车牌号的后两位是XX，也就是我们的团号，希望大家上下车时注意识别。

有一首歌叫做《常回家看看》，有一种渴望叫做常出来转转，说的就是旅游，旅游固然重要，但平安最重要。

都说世界像部书，如果您没有外出旅游，您可只读了书中之一页：现在我们一同出游，让我们共同读好这属于中国的一页。

接下来我们来阅读第一章：这属于XX（省份名称）的一页，第一节便是XX(景点名称），也就是我们今天的第一站。

（接下来讲述景点概况）北京天安门导游词 各位游客们，我们现在来到的是世界上最大的城市中心广场，天安门广场，面积达到了44万平方米，而且北京在世界上的地理位置就是以广场的经纬度（东经：116°23′17〃，北纬：39°54′27〃）来确定的。

它坐落在北京市中心，一直注视着北京自古至今的历史变革。

在明代，这里曾叫做承天门广场，出现了T型广场，当然，现在已经没有了。

清代的时候才改为现在的天安门广场。

在辛亥革命以后，天安门广场成了最好的群众运动集结地，著名的五四运动，一二九学生运动等等就是在这里发生的。

而在这里最著名的事件，相信大家一定知道，那就是在19

【第49句】：

【第10句】：1的开国大典，当时这里聚集了30万人，共同来庆祝新中国的成立。

解放以后，将T型广场拆除，建了人民英雄纪念碑，人民大会堂和历史博物馆，革命博物馆等大型建筑。

而在76年，毛主席去世后，在原来中华门的位置上建立起了毛主席纪念堂，从而形成了广场今天的建筑格局。

而在国庆50周年的时候，天安门广场经历了一系列的整修，使广场更加美丽壮观整洁。

各位一定很向往我所描述的天安门广场，没有关系，在接下来的游览过程，我将向大家一一介绍。

明代永乐年间，这里叫做承天门，只是一个木牌坊，取“承天启运，受命于天”之意。

可是明代的时候被烧毁了，后来修建了面阔九间，进深五间的城楼，真正体现了帝王的九五之尊。

但是明朝末年，又被毁了。

而在清顺治年间，重修城楼以后，改名为天安门，将另外的三个皇城门儿都改名为带安字的，将故宫三大殿都改名为带和字的，体现了内和外安的美好愿望。

这就是我们现在所看的城楼，它由城基、城台、城楼三个部分组成。

基座是汉白玉须弥座，这是我国古代最高等级的基座，高

【第1句】：59米。

城台高

【第14句】：6米。

而城楼重檐歇山顶，这也是当时殿宇屋顶的最高等级。

整座建筑高

【第33句】：7米，在70年重修后，升高了一米。

这座建筑等级非常高的城楼，它的作用也同样非常重要。

明清时候，凡是遇到国家大典，都要在城楼上举行“金凤颁诏”的仪式，（就是颁诏时，在城楼正中堞口设宣诏台。

宣诏后，用黄丝线机上一只木雕金凤，金凤口中衔着诏书顺墙而下，礼部官员用朵云盘接住，然后放入龙亭，颂到礼部，随后颁布天下。

）而且每当皇帝出宫祭祀的时候，这里是必经之路。

对于新中国最重要的时刻也是这里产生的，毛主席就是在天安门城楼上庄严宣告新中国成立，并且亲自生气了新中国第一面五星红旗。

在城楼上挂的毛主席画像，在每年国庆之前都要更换一次。

在天安门城楼前面的这一条河，被称为金水河。

那这里为什么被称为金水河呢

因为这条河是从北京的西北方向被引过来的，而在阴阳五行中，西属金，北属水，所以这条河命名为金水河，而河上的7座汉白玉桥，就是金水桥。

其中最旁边的这两座桥叫做公生桥，分别对应着太庙和社稷坛，也就是现在的劳动人民文化宫和中山公园。

而中间的这座是御路桥，是皇帝皇后专用的，它旁边的两座是皇族桥，供宗室王公行走，在旁边的两座是品级桥，只有三品以上的官员才可以通过。

在金水桥前面，左右各有一个石狮子。

左边的是雄师，右边的是雌狮。

我们是如何分出雌雄的呢

因为雄师脚踩的是绣球，而雌狮则是幼狮。

现在为了保护文物，这对狮子已经被围栏保护起来了。

在天安门前后各有一对华表，其实华表的原名叫做诽谤木，是皇帝为了表示自己能够采纳意见和接受意见而设立的，逐渐演变成了今天的华表。

它的顶端的异兽叫做吼，北华表上的叫做望君出，意思是为了让皇帝出宫体察民情 ，而南端的 则叫望君归，意思是皇帝不要留恋宫外的花花世界，应该及时回宫处理政务。

现在请大家向后转，在我们身后，就是天安门广场。

在明清时候，这里是成T字型的，中间是南北走向的御路，在御路两侧，建有千步廊，两边都有廊房110间，到了长安街南侧，在随着红墙向东西两侧延伸，有廊房34间，所以千步廊共有228间廊房。

而在御路的最南端明代时是大明门，清朝则改为大清门；东西两侧的门分别是长安左门和长安右门，也分别称为龙门和虎门，因为在科考之后，黄榜在长安左门公布，考中的进士要从这里进入皇城，所以称之为龙门，而虎门的来由则是每年霜降以后，朝廷都要对犯人进行审查，而审定的犯人则被带出长安右门，等于落入虎口，所以称为虎门。

而订立这些，都是与五行有关。

在我国古代，有文东武西之说，所以在千步廊东西两侧就是五府六部的所在地。

在广场东侧，现在的历史博物馆一带，基本上都是中央文职机关，而西侧，也就是人民大会堂一带，则是五军都督府和特务机构锦衣卫。

为了方便这些官员进入皇城，所以就在龙门虎门外各建了一道南北走向的大门，东公生门和西公生门。

现在我们已经看不到那时候的痕迹了，取而代之的是更有历史意义和政治特色的现代化建筑。

在广场西侧，是人民大会堂。

它于1958年10月动工，历时一年，在59年国庆节前就完工了，占地面积

【第17句】：18万平方米。

整座建筑像一个“山”字，中央最高处是

【第46句】：5米，是整个天安门广场中的最高建筑。

大会堂分为三个部分：中央是万人大礼堂，总面积达36000平方米，有席坐一万个，礼堂顶部有巨大的红五角星，放出70到光芒，整个穹顶的装饰布局不仅很壮丽，而且还象征着万民一心，团结在党中央周围；北部是宴会厅，总面积7000多平方米是我国最大的宴会厅；南部则是人大办公楼，这里包括全国37各省市自治区直辖市特区格局特色的会议厅，例如重庆厅，香港厅等等。

在广场东北部是中国革命博物馆，61年7月1日正式对外开放，主要展品是五四以来的革命资料，而周恩来同志纪念馆爷在博物馆中，展品内容极为丰富。

广场东南部是中国历史博物馆，它的前身是北京历史博物馆，在26年改为国立历史博物馆，过了4年，改为中央研究院北平历史博物馆，而在34年4月，这里又改为中央博物馆筹备处、北平历史博物馆。

它的展品内容是从奴隶制社会夏商周直到清王朝灭亡数千年历史的文物，货币，图画等30多万件，分朝代展出。

正对着天安门城楼的是人民英雄纪念碑。

根据49年9月中国人民政治协商会议第一届全体会议的决议，在天安门广场修建了人民英雄纪念碑，向全国征集了240多幅设计方案，选出了3个方案，最后决定以梁思成的设计方案为主，在综合其他三个方案，融为一体。

也就是我们今天所看到的纪念碑。

【第52句】：

【第8句】：1正式兴建，在

【第58句】：4建成，

【第5句】：1隆重揭幕。

重达百吨的碑芯巨石是由青岛运来北京的，经过一系列的加工雕琢后，成品高

【第14句】：7米，宽

【第2句】：9米，厚1米，重60吨，碑身有413块花岗岩组成。

而石碑基座是由17000多块花岗岩和汉白玉组成，面积为3000多平方米。

纪念碑的正面向着天安门，刻有镏金板镶嵌，毛主席亲笔书写的“人民英雄永垂不朽”，背面则是由毛主席起草，周总理书写的158字的碑文（三年以来，在人民解放战争和人民革命中牺牲的人民英雄们永垂不朽 三十年以来，在人民解放战争和人民革命中牺牲的人民英雄们永垂不朽，由此上溯到一千八百四十年，从那时起为了反对内外敌人，争取民族独立和人民自由幸福，在历次斗争中牺牲的人民英雄们永垂不朽）。

碑座四周共有8幅浮雕，高2米，总长

【第40句】：68米。

从东面起，由历史顺序排列，依次是：虎门销烟，今田起义，武昌运动，五四运动，五卅运动，南昌起义，抗日战争，胜利渡江。

在胜利渡江的两旁，还有两幅装饰性的图案，内容是：支援前线和欢迎人民解放军。

全部浮雕共有180个人物。

在人民英雄纪念碑南边，就是毛主席纪念堂。

纪念堂在19

【第76句】：

【第11句】：24动工兴建，仅用了六个月，就全部建成。

于毛主席去世一周年时正式开放。

在纪念堂北门前有东西两组泥塑，都以革命史诗为内容。

主体建筑南门则是以继承毛主席遗志、各族人民显示出无比信心为内容的。

南门外的30面红旗，代表了我国三十各省市自治区。

纪念堂的台基四周是用来自大渡河畔的枣红色花岗岩砌起，基石周围砌进了来自珠穆朗玛峰的石头和浇灌了台湾海峡的水。

整个纪念堂主体建筑由三个部分组成：一进入碑大厅，迎面有三米高的毛主席塑像，这里市举行纪念活动的地方；从北大厅南侧的金丝楠木大门进去，就是瞻仰厅，毛主席的遗体就安放在这里；瞻仰厅的南侧是南大厅，毛主席的《满江红》诗词镌刻于这里。

三个大厅的东西两侧，有休息厅和老革命家纪念室，现在信增了邓小平和陈云同志的纪念室。

在主席纪念堂后面，就是内城的正门——正阳门。

在过去，正阳门就是全国最高的建筑，取意：圣主当阳、日至中天，万国瞻仰的意思。

现在这里是北京所剩的唯一保存完整的城楼和箭楼。

在明清时代，西城和南城市民来往的交通枢纽是棋盘街，现在位置大概在毛主席纪念堂和正阳门城楼之间的广场上。

其实天安门广场还有一个非常著名的景观，那就是升旗和降旗仪式，每天都会有数以万计的人来观看仪式。

我国国旗图案的设计者是曾联松，第一面国旗制作者是国营永茂实业公司的宋树信，这面特大的国旗长5米多，宽3米多，在开国大典上，毛主席亲手升起了这面象征新中国诞生的国旗。

天安门广场原来的旗杆基座是封闭的，升降旗不方便，而且设备已经陈旧，所以在19

【第91句】：

【第2句】：25改建新基座，同时改建旗杆。

新基座平面为三层，第一层是汉白玉制成，四周都有出入通道，第二层是红褐色花岗岩，象征人民江山万代红，第三层是绿化带，象征社会主义祖国欣欣向荣，另外，四周是56个金黄色铜制的隔离墩，象征着56个民族手拉手、心连心团结在国旗下。

新的旗杆是首钢制造的无缝钢管制成，分4节，重7吨，高

【第32句】：6米，20年不会锈蚀。

在每旬的第一天或者国家重要庆典，都要举行节日升降旗仪式，其他日子也要举行平时升降旗仪式。

每天升旗的时间以日出为准，降旗则是以日落为准，要奏国歌，节日的时候是军乐队现场演奏，而平时则是放录音。

如果各位有兴趣，也可以在方便的情况下来观看这一重要景观。

好了 ，天安门广场就给大家介绍到这里，谢谢，现在请自由参观，20分钟后集合。