孔庙导游词

女士们

先生们

大家好

我叫任一诺。

今天，由我来带领你们游览“三孔”：孔府·孔庙·孔林。

孔子有句名言：“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎”我有幸担任导游，十分高兴。

我将尽力为大家服务，不足之处，请批评改正。

　　在参观三孔之前，请允许我介绍一下曲阜。

曲阜地处鲁中小区和鲁西南平原的交界处。

大诗人李白曾描写曲阜：“笑夸故人指绝境，山光水色青如兰”。

现在我们参观孔庙。

孔庙位于曲阜城中心，是古代人们为了几年孔子生前的伟大思想宽阔的精神品质所建的一座韵味十足的建筑。

前后九进院落，占地3

【第27句】：5亩，南北长达1公里；共有建筑466间，54座门坊；加之庙内1700余株古树，一个个直冲云天，听说当时谁敢砍倒一棵，就会以杀头处理。

每一棵树，每一个门的名字都含有孔子“仁”的思想。

　　孔府与孔庙毗邻,是孔子嫡系长子长孙居住的府第,三路布局,九进院落,共有建筑463间,加上后花园,共占地240亩。

孔府，也称“衍圣公府”。

“衍圣”的意思是说“圣道”、“圣裔”能繁衍接续，　　进入孔府大门，由此向后孔府分为三路，东路建有一贯堂、慕恩堂、孔氏家庙等；西路是孔府当年接待贵宾和读书习礼的地方，有红萼轩、忠恕堂、安怀堂、花厅等；中路是孔府的主体建筑，前半部为官衙，后半部为内宅。

　　孔林，是孔子家庭的专用墓地，也是世界上延时最久、规模最大的家庭墓地。

占地三千多亩。

周围垣墙高3米，厚

【第1句】：5米，长

【第14句】：5华里。

林内有各种树木10万多株，数百种植物。

在万木掩映之中，碑石林立，石像成群，十分壮观。

　　现在自由活动3小时，可以自行游览“三孔”，也可以进行游戏、野餐等活动，但必须保证卫生。

　　参观“三孔”到此结束了，回到家里时，别忘了说你们还有一个这样导游噢

　　分

急求山东英语导游词

Hello! I travel, the reception department"s reque, visits the tour to presence famous city Qufu fellow welcome gues to express warmly welcome. I fortunately accompany the visit for everybody tourguide, is extremely happy, t is we enjoys the udy together the good opportunity. After looked please leave behind the valued suggestion.First, briefly introduces Qufu to everybody the tory, the cultural relic survey.torical city Qufu was our country ancient times the great thinker, the educationalist, the statesman, the literature entire manages family affairs, sage of Kong Zi"s the world hometown, "s native place, Chinese nation"s first ancestor shaft Yellow "s birth place, the capital, discussed the Yin native country, the Lu country capital. Three s five s have four to live the practical ting in here, some more than 5,000 years history. Underground has the rich buried treasure, on has the multitudinous cultural relic. Existing cultural relic 112, including the United Nations to protect the unit, world culture inheritance 3, national protection 4, provincial level 12, other for place city level protection.Heavy center seriously has a three two temples mausoleum, a three mountains two forests temple. The Confucian temple, Confucian Residence, Konglin, the popular name three, have the sacrificial offering China Yuan saint Duke of "s temple, has sacrificial offering Kong Zi first big disciple duplicate saint Yan Hui the temple, the popular name two temples; A mausoleum is Yellow Emperor is born - - the long-lived earthen mound few mausoleums; Three mountains; The Kong Zi place of birth Nepal mountain, Chinese grave group Jiulongshan, small Taishan - - nine (call nine mountains). Two forests are: The world educates the child best mother forest, the Kong Zi parents buries Liang Gonglin; A temple is Li Bai, Du Fu writes poetry, responds, bidding good-bye place, famous writer hole still no matter what national botanical garden Shimen temple.We now look at the Confucian temple.Confucian temple, also called to the Confucian temple, is sacrificial offering Kong Zi and its Madame Qi Guanshi and 72 talented people"s place. The Confucian temple with "s Imperial Palace, the Hebei Che city summer vacation mountain village and calls Chinese three big ancient architectural complexes. The expert delivered four speeches to the Confucian temple: The construction time most remote, greatest, the preservation most complete, the Eastern construction characteristic is most prominent. Is worthy of looking at two questions from the Confucian temple: One is Kong Zi to Chinese and even the Eastern culture tremous contribution; Two is China has the skilled craftsman in the history.The Confucian temple beginning constructs in 478 B.C., the second year which Kong Zi died constructs the temple. Constructs temple three in the Kong Zi former dwelling, exhibits Kong Zi"s clothes, the vehicle, the book and so on, when year old offers sacrifices. All previous dynasties emperor all has the extension to the Confucian temple, counts overhaul 15, center repairs 31 times, the minor repair several hundred time achieves present the scale. The Confucian temple imitates system of the imperial palace construction, divides three groups layouts, nine courtyards, have altogether had house 466, gate pavilion 54, the thing relatively pass through in an axle wire, has nearly thousand, 3

【第27句】：5 Chinese acres, long amounts to two Chinese miles 150 meters. Now saw the Confucian temple is the bright Hongzhi year scale. After the liberation the country allocates funds to service the protection many times. Our country first batch announcement nation cultural relic preservation organ, in December, 1994 included the world culture inheritance, becomes cultural relic unit which the United Nations protected, Confucian temple construction time remote, scale great, integrity of the preserved really was the world to be rare.Shinto. Wan Rengong wall front copal vigorous this Duan Luwei Shinto. In front of the important temple all has the respect quick road which specially opens, is called Shinto.Wan Rengong wall. This gate is Qufu Ming Chengzheng the Nanmen, also is the Confucian temple together gate, on hangs Wan Rengong the wall four large brush-written Chinese characters, is the clear Emperor Qian Long"s imperial brush. It originates from the Kong Zi self-satisfied disciple child tribute. When Lu country congress feudal lord, some people proposed child tribute knowledge broad and profound, may place on a par with Kong Zi, the sub- tribute in the field, stands up immediately said, I may not dare with my Mr.\\\/Mrs. Kong Zi compared to, human"s knowledge is just like a wall, my this wall only has one high, my cher"s wall has the number to be many. Meant that, my knowledge was equal to a shoulder chief is high, clear not any abstruse; Kong Zi"s knowledge has my several fold to be many, passes through the detailed research, the comprehensive discussion, can understand he complete after, crossed the threshold, can see America of the ancestor temple, outside the gate you is blind. The posterity in order to describe Kong Zi"s knowledge profound, wall of number from the master , hundred , thousand seals Kong Zi to the Ming Dynasty emperor is the world civil official host, all previous dynasties king cher, seals the Kong Zi knowledge to have ten thousand , extols the Kong Zi knowledge to have 10,000 eight feet, upward looked, blind goes against, also said this wall deep wall high rampart is extremely firm. These four characters originally write for the bright imperial envoy, Qian Long for expressed he Kong Zi the value, kissed the book Wan Rengong the wall to exchange his imperial brush.Jin Shengyu inspires the work place. This work place constructs at the Ming Dynasty, is expresses the Kong Zi knowledge exquisite and perfect, is similar to entire process which plays music, the integrity is from beginning to end complete. The ancient music is by strikes a gong the start, the clock gets up beginning orderliness also, is strikes Qing to come to an end, the jade inspires the sound which falls for Qing, was called end orderliness also, praises Kong Zi"s knowledge is the collection first accomplishing of the virtuous sages, therefore called Jin Shenger the jade inspires also, the golden sound the clock sound, the beginning, the jade inspires Qing"s sound, the end. This also is the management wants to finish what one starts the idiom origin. Jin Shengyu inspires is the Ming Dynasty storytelling legalist school Hu Zuanzong the topic decides.Two cypress take on. Crosses the jade to inspire work place this stone arch bridge, the thing respectively has a copal, therefore the person two cypress take on. This bridge said that, 泮 the water bridge the basin water is interlinked with the temporary palace nearby, because the historical novel is hopes the water. In the past read book of the Confucius and Mencius, tested the institute of higher education to call to enter hopes, served as an official hopes rises high, made business to hope gets rich, crossed the day to hope prosperously.Discontinues the tablet. Outside the temple wall the thing respectively sets up a stele, in 1191 specially vertical discontinued the tablet, got down the tablet. The west tablet early destroys, east side on this tablet writes the official person to discontinue and so on to this. Under in the past the civil and military officials, the common people common people henceforth passed by discontinue on foot but the line, shows to Kong Zi, the Confucian temple respect.Lattice star gate. The Ming Dynasty constructs, in 1754 repaired, by wooden changed the iron stone. The lattice star gate is the Qian Long imperial brush. Hands down the space galaxy to have the twenty-eight lunar mansions, among, has to govern cultural the star to be called the lattice star, the other name Star , the day inspires the star, contacts with Kong Zi and the space tube culture star, Shuowen melts the aspect he is highest, if the past offered sacrifice to heaven, needed first to offer a sacrifice to Star , had reveres Kong Ruzun the day the view.Too with vitality work place. This work place was the Ming Dynasty in 1544 constructs, extremely approved Kong Zi"s thought, advocated was similar to the outer space universe to be able to nurture the myriad things. Gathering of the world, gathering of the four directions, gathering of the masculine and feminine elements , the name too and the gas is the most basic thing, the universe too and, vitality of the world. Too with the vitality was the Shandong governor once the mill handwritten letter.To Confucian temple work place. The Ming Dynasty constructs to the Confucian temple work place, is the white marble, on plays the part of the flame no. 3 gunpowder tea.German world, Daoist monk"s cap ancient and modern. This Daoist temple thing respectively constructs a very unusual memorial arch to the lining, the wooden angle surrounds, thousand first ten thousand continues, gets down has eight , is called day Long Shenshi, hands down its dignified inspiration, may drive out evilly, is just. East side the memorial arch submits a written statement: The German world, said Kong Zi"s thought advocated is similar to profoundly for humanity"s advantage, the merit can compare with the world. The west memorial arch submits a written statement the Daoist monk"s cap ancient and modern, approves the Kong Zi thought, the means ancient and modern all is the unparalleled crown.When saint gate. Three compound, four circuit intendant all same, central . This naming originates from Mencius, to the ancient times four sages , under Iraqi Yin, the willow tree favored, Kong Zi, Mencius four sages" saint mark inductions is four speeches: clear saint also, Iraqi Yin saint no matter what also, under the willow tree favors sum of the saint also, when Kong Zi saint. When saint extremely approves the Kong Zi thought to advocate prolonged does not fade, is sage which suits the time. Emperor comes Qufu to kowtow the big ritual towards Kong Yaoxing, walks when the saint gate; All previous dynasties spread out the saint male when the birth opens when the saint the gate, besides these two kind of situations, this not easily opens. All walks the quick G gate, the supine wealthy and prominent family.The quick G gate, takes considers it a pleasure to be among the first to read meaning. Kong Zi"s knowledge the Five Classics four books, who first studies who first to have the culture, who first studies who first to have the knowledge, struggles the study, to first reads as by the foresight joyfully.Supine wealthy and prominent family. Praises a Kong Zi"s section of speeches naming according to Yan Hui. Yan Hui said that, road of the master, supine makes up high, drills it to make up firmly. Upwardly approves the Kong Zi knowledge blind to go against, calls to make up high, studies the writings in classical style to be very difficult, calls to make up firmly, is high is not unattainable, is definitely may learn after the endeavor. Yan Hui said master however, friendly are attractive, is abundant I by the article, said me by the ritual. My teacher teaches with skill and patience, teaches me by the culture, executes me by the courtesy.Chinese . In the supine wealthy and prominent family in the alcove has two historical values very high Chinese , is the pavilion is long, (the Han Dynasty place waiter), dying of the government office gate, all is in front of Lu Wangmu guards. is taken by all previous dynasties inscription on stone tablet and bronze scientist, to studies the Han Dynasty clothing and the writing has the important value.Liquid gold bridge, this bridge, with Imperial Palace"s in front of bridge of the same name, calls the liquid gold bridge, also is called the blue water bridge, three arrangements, the green water ripples.Great road gate. Crosses the liquid gold bridge is the Ming Dynasty emperor ordered by the emperor personally the great road gate, takes Confucian analects center the person to be able greatly to say, non- road great person meaning. Kong Zi is an ordinary writer, why becomes the sage? Approved Kong Zi to summarize first the virtuous sages" experience, especially has brought honor to the Yao and Shun soup, road of the civil and military Duke of Zhou. The person can greatly say that, said the person can direct creates all, the non- road great person, certainly is not all direction people, this is praises person"s subjective initiative. The great road hanger-on had two steles, the east side four tablets is the Qufu all previous dynasties evolution will has recorded the Qufu evolution vicissitude history, a Yuan generation of institute stood, the historical data value was very high, the west was scholar out of government employment gentleman the inscription, had the very high calligraphy value.Major and medium gate. The major and medium gate is the Song Dynasty Confucian temple front door, was called center and the gate, Italy for uses Kong Zi"s thought processing question all to be possible to be easily solved. The the Ming Dynasty extension temple renames the major and medium gate, approves Kong Zi"s knowledge is accomplishing of the collection humanity knowledge, center, takes the doctrine of the mean meaning, center correct path of the world, theorem of the commonplace world, center the agonic, is commonplace is not easy. Leaves, is not the correct path, has become the evil road, the crooked gate. Is said is not left is not right, the fair correct path, to front is a doctrine of the mean. Major and medium gate thing two have watchtower two is guards the Confucian temple to use.Same text gate, four big name brands, Confucian temple chart. Enters in the major and medium gate about to have four big tablets. The west bright Hongzhi tablet, says three cardinal guides and the five constant virtues ethics. Right flank the Hongzhi tablet has the the Ming Dynasty talented person Hunan Changsha Li Dongyang to draw up the Confucian temple chart the value to be very high.The Cheng Hua tablet, is the Ming Dynasty Cheng Hua Emperor Zhu Jianshen stands. Some two situations bring to all previous dynasties everybody celebrity"s attention. One is the Cheng Hua tablet character writes, the standardization, the standardization well, exquisitely makes the person, the typeface writing technique to have is world-famous the evaluation; Two, appraises to Kong Zi high, all previous dynasties emperor all has the comment to Kong Zi, appraises high is Emperor Cheng Hua, he Kong Zi"s thought, the means compares with eats meal, puts on the clothes, spends, one day also could not leave, had Kong Zi"s truth and the means, could enable each person to develop his talents, thing it used, its strength, otherwise messed up. Said has road of the Kong Zi to have the world, road of the Kong Zi has not had the world, road of the counter- Kong Zi loses the world. If the inscribed text stated that, Road of the my only Kong Zi, the world on first cannot not have , has road of the Kong Zi then the three cardinal guides and the five constant virtues but ethics is just bright, the myriad things take their proper place.. Road of the Kong Zi in the world like cloth , the livelihood of the people daily expense cannot be left vacant for the time being.. Inborn Kong Zi vertical is the saint, lives in the peaceful good justice and humanity, the teacher road emerges, from swims 3000, is continues.Same text gate. Takes the person concentriily meaning of the character same text. Is says works with concerted efforts, unites as one the only then competent good deed industry; The writing must unify, has the unification the writing to be able to record the historical dissemination experience, makes the character to be able at will to mess up. The same text gate is the Kuiwen Geqian important barrier.The Kui article Chinese style pavilion, originally is a library, is the collection books place. Constructed to Song Tianxi two years (in 1018), Jin Zhangzong repaired when changed the Kui article Chinese style pavilion. This unique grand construction, completely is the lignin structure, calls the orphaned example in the Chinese building construction. After several earthquakes, the Kui article Chinese style pavilion has not shaken destroys. The clear Kanghsi 5 years earthquake ten houses but actually have nine, saving has one, the Kui article Chinese style pavilion is gorgeously motionless. The the Ming Dynasty board of personnel Shangshu Li Dongyang has specially written Kuiwen Gefu, approves Kuiwen Ge the construction research value. Is under the porch eastern end this tablet.In front of the pavilion this thing two courtyards stated that, The room sleeps, is place which the sacrificial offering personnel fasts, to bathe. East the courtyard is spreads out the saint male room to sleep the institute, clear Kanghsi, Qian Long offers a sacrifice to when the hole all sleeps in the east room washes the hands and face. West the courtyard is from offers a sacrifice to personnel"s room to sleep. Kong Zi 71 generation of Sun Kongzhao fumigates the temple in Song, Yuan, is bright, the clear five dynasty does obeisance the Confucian temple tablet more than 130 centralisms to mount in the courtyard wall, therefore west the room sleeps calls the tablet courtyard.13 tablets pavilions. This is the Confucian temple sixth enters the courtyard, in the pavilion stands has 55 tablets, is Tang, Song, the gold, Yuan, bright, clear and so on the dynasty stands, its content all is emperor, the imperial envoy does obeisance the hole, to Kong Zi , the appraisal, successively repairs the Confucian temple the record, has the Chinese, is full, Mongolia, eight thinks writing and so on Pakistan article. South north eights five, therefore calls 13 tablets pavilions, because all is authorizes the vertical tablet by emperor, therefore calls the imperial tablet pavilion. East gets up the front row third, 62 alcoves is the Jin Dynasty constructs, is construction which our country extant cannot be seen. Every is seeks with P the edict reason all calls the imperial tablet. P pen Qiang is auspicious, fable Dragon King has nine, it is 8th, it loves the article , is good at carrying a heavy load, the stele has the writing but heavily to suit its characteristic, the image should for the main item, the turtle body, the hawk leg, the snake tail.North east gets up this third alcove is Emperor Kanghsi the vertical tablet. The Beijing Xishan picks the stone passes through Grand Canal, south the economy transports here. The expert calculates this tablet 130,000 catty heavy, along the way sprinkled the hydrogel from Jining, slid on the ice, sometimes one day only walked lies place of the cow. The Qufu book has the stone not to use, must ship in from Beijing, shows emperor to Kong Zi the value. Southeast this courtyard, west Namhkok has a piece all is nobles and ministers repairs the temple, does obeisance the hole the record, the calligraphy value is very high.This courtyard thing respectively has to the lining, east is the Yu essence gate, west is the view Germany gate. Is named , the Xihua gate.The Confucian temple divides into three groups layouts by here, this five, center are together accomplishes the gate, left side is the gold 声门, right side is the jade inspires the gate, again is opens Confucianism toward the west, again is receives Confucianism toward the east. Accomplishes the gate the construction structure is , manipulates strategically. Middle inserts is cancels the heart, about four

曲阜石门山导游词400字作文

曲阜历史悠久，早在五六千年前，我们的祖先就在这里繁衍生息，创造了人类早期的文明。

不少古籍中，还有炎帝、少吴徙都于曲阜，黄帝生于寿丘(曲阜城东8里 处)，舜于寿丘作什器的记载。

可见，中国远古时代最有影响的三皇五帝中就有四人在曲阜留下了踪迹。

尽管这是传说，但也并不是毫无根据的。

从境内保存下来的20余处大汶口文化和龙山文化遗址中仍可见到我们的祖先征服自然的遗迹。

“曲阜”一名最早见于《礼记》。

东汉应劭解释说：“鲁城东有阜，委曲长七八里，故名曲阜。

”商代前期，曲阜名奄，是商王朝的重要属国。

周代自“封周公于曲阜”800余年，曲阜为鲁国都城，是当时我国一个重要的政治、经济、文化中心。

春秋时期，孔子首创私人讲学之风，“弟子三千，贤者七十有二”遍及全国各地，又成了当时的教育中心。

鲁国是曲阜历史上的黄金时期，以“礼仪之邦”著称于世，故山东省现仍沿用“鲁”作为简称。

公元前 249年，楚灭鲁，置鲁县，秦代属薛郡，西汉时为鲁国都，魏晋南北朝时为鲁郡治。

隋开皇十六年(596年)，首定曲阜为县名。

宋代改称仙源县，金代恢复曲阜县名至今。

1986年撤县制，始称曲阜市。

现面积为890平方公里，人口60余万。

悠久的历史，灿烂的文化，给曲阜留下了大量的文物古迹，主要的有110余处，其中孔庙、孔府、孔林及鲁国故城遗址被列为全国首批公布的重点文物保护单位，另有11处列为全省重要文物保护单位。

“三孔”还于1994年被联合国列为世界文化遗产。

关于大学生考山东省导游证

好考

今年的来得及

11月份才考

考口试和笔试

笔试：导游基础，导游业务，政策法规。

三本书

口试：济南的导游词包括济南的三大名胜，趵突泉，大明湖，千佛山，还有灵岩寺，泰山，曲阜三孔的导游词

不过烤出来后每年要花钱审导游证

考出来的只是导游资格证，要挂靠旅行社换导游证

或到导游服务公司

历史不好不要紧，只要把该背的全背过 就万事大吉了

导游考试面试的时候所抽取的景点是自己选择性讲解的吗

抽签讲解只有广场、故宫、长城、天坛、颐和园、长陵、定陵，没有孔庙，其余景点会以问题的方式出现，讲解也是抽到那段算那段，个别上诉提到的景点大的只讲一段，景点小的可能会通讲

山东省2022第二次导游考试有哪几个考点

好考

今年的来得及

11月份才考口试和

笔导游基础，导游业务，政策法规。

三本口试：济南的导游词包括济南的三大名胜，趵突泉，大明湖，千佛山，还有灵岩寺，泰山，曲阜三孔的导游词

不过烤出来后每年要花钱审导游证

考出来的只是导游资格证，要挂靠旅行社换导游证

或到导游服务公司

历史不好不要紧，只要把该背的全背过就万事大吉了

参考资料：我的脑子

帮我找一篇关于世界文化遗产颐和园的导游词

进入颐和园的大门（东宫门），迎面就是以仁寿殿为主体的政治活动区。

仁寿殿前庭宽阔，松柏苍翠，奇石假山点缀其间。

阶前陈列着古铜宝鼎和龙凤。

院内石须座上蹲着一只铜怪兽，是传说中的麒麟。

在清代，这里是慈禧和光绪朝会大臣的地方。

现在殿里仍照当年帝后临朝的原状布置着。

仁寿殿南北两侧的配殿和仁寿门外的南北群房，是六部九卿的值房。

绕到仁寿殿后，便是慈禧、光绪及其后妃居住的生活区。

这是一组用五六十间游廊联缀起来的三座大型四合院。

其中慈禧居住的乐寿堂，前临昆明湖，背倚万寿山，东有德和园大戏楼的衬托，西接长廊入口，是生活居住区的主体。

乐寿堂陈设华丽，有用珍珠玛瑙和翡翠制成的鱼桌等等。

仁寿殿南侧是光绪居住的玉澜堂。

玉澜堂的后院是光绪皇后居住的宜芳馆。

这三座庭院里都种植着奇花异卉，尤以乐寿堂前的十数棵玉兰最为名贵。

乐寿堂和玉澜堂内部按当年帝后生活原状陈列，陈列物是原物。

玉澜堂两侧配殿内有一道砖墙，是一八九八年戊戌变法失败后，慈禧增筑用来幽禁光绪的。

顺着仁寿殿北面的花台右行，可到德和园，德和园是由颐乐殿和大戏楼组成的。

颐乐殿陈列着二百多件文物。

大戏楼建筑得很有特色。

翘角重檐，朱栏绿柱，是专备慈禧看戏用的。

生活居住区以西，是游览区，为颐和园景物的精华，分为万寿山、昆明湖、后山后湖三部分。

万寿山前山，以八面三屋四重檐的佛香阁为中心，组成了巨大的主体建筑群。

从昆明湖岸边的“云辉玉宇”牌楼向北，经过排云门，二宫门、排云殿、通往山腰的德辉殿、佛香阁，直至山顶的智慧海，形成一条层层上升的中轴线。

排云殿在这条中轴线上占有重要的位置，是慈禧过生日举行庆典的地方。

殿内陈列的各种盆景、文物，大都是慈禧七十岁生日时大臣们所送的贡品；殿内的大幅慈禧油画像，是一九0五年慈禧七十一岁时由美国卡尔女士画的。

万寿山主体建筑的东侧有“转轮藏”和高达九米八八的万寿山昆明湖”石碑。

西侧有五方阁和铜铸的宝玉阁。

宝玉阁座落在一个汉白玉雕砌的须弥座上，歇山重檐，菱花隔扇，梁柱、斗拱、椽瓦和匾额，都和木结构一样，通体呈蟹青冷古铜色，重四十万四千斤，是世界上少有和珍品，俗称铜亭。

佛香阁建筑在高六十多米的山坡上，阁高三十八米。

阁中有四根高达三十米的擎天柱，是用坚硬的铁梨木做的。

佛香阁的外形是按照黄鹤楼设计的。

站在佛香阁前纵目远眺，湖光山色，尽收眼底。

沿着前山山脚，是一条彩画长廊，东起乐寿殿的邀月门，穿过排云门，直达万寿山西端的石丈亭，全长七百二十八米，中间建有“留佳”、“寄澜”、“秋水”、“清遥”四座八角重檐的亭子。

长廊的每根枋梁上都有彩画，有西湖风景，有山水人物，有花卉翎毛，象一座五彩缤纷的画廊，蜿蜒曲折，把前山的建筑连接在一起。

万寿山前山面临着广阔的昆明湖。

东岸，由北向南布置着知春亭、文昌阁、廓如亭等点景建筑。

知春亭，位于玉澜堂南面的一个小岛上，四面环水，有桥的岸上相通。

亭子重檐圆柱，幽雅别致。

廓如亭畔有一石座，卧伏着一铜牛，昂首竖耳，目光炯炯地注视着昆明湖。

水中的南湖岛，由十七孔桥和东堤相连接，象一道长虹飞跨在粼粼的碧波之上。

南湖岛同石栏环绕，涵虚堂高踞岛上。

掩映于绿树丛中。

昆明湖西部的西堤是依照杭州西湖的苏堤修造的。

堤上遍植桃柳，著名的西堤六桥隐现在堤花岸柳之中，其中汉白玉雕砌的玉带桥拱高耸，远望如一条玉带，造型优美。

西堤西部的水域，又被短堤分割成南北两个湖面。

北部湖中有团城岛，南部湖中有藻鉴堂。

昆明湖同北向南逐渐收拢，东堤和西堤在南端汇合于绣漪桥。

昆明湖水便从这座桥下注入通往北京城的长河。

在昆明湖的西北，万寿山西麓岸边，有一只白石雕造的石舫，叫清晏舫。

船体用巨大的石块雕造而成，上建两层舱楼，窗上镶嵌五色玻璃。

后山后湖，别有一番江南景色。

后山的建筑在一八六0年的一九00年两次遭到帝国主义侵略军的破坏，多半只剩下荒台废基，只有五彩琉璃的多宝塔仍然屹立在绿树丛中。

后山上的香岩宗印三阁和分布在它四周的塔台，原是一座宏大的西藏式寺庙，它的前方，是一座横跨后湖的三孔长桥，桥北便是颐和园的北宫门。

桥两侧的后湖沿河是当年买卖街的遗址。

后湖的东端有眺远斋和被称为“园中之园”的谐趣园。

眺远斋地势较高，南对墙外的街道，据说慈禧每年农历四月初八，在此观看百姓到妙峰山赶会，所以也叫“看会楼”。

谐趣园是乾隆时仿无锡畅园建造的，园内一池碧水，亭亭莲叶，环岸有用百间游廊连接起来的十三座楼台亭阁。

凌架于湖心的饮绿水榭。

传说为慈禧钓鱼取乐的地方。

出谐趣园向东，穿过“紫气东来”城关，便离东宫门不远了。

元朝，万寿山称为瓮山，昆明湖叫瓮山泊。

明朝，曾在瓮山上建了一座圆静寺。

清朝，称清猗园。

瓮山泊后改名为西湖。

清朝乾隆皇帝为了庆贺其母亲钮祜禄氏六十岁生日，在瓮山修大报恩延寿寺，将瓮山改为万寿山，并仿照汉武帝在长安昆明池练水师的故事，把西湖改名昆明湖，全园改称清漪园。

清漪园最后建于一七六四年，共用了十五年的时间，耗银四百八十多万两。

一八六）年，英法联军侵入北京，园中珍贵的文物被抢劫一空，宏丽的建筑亦多被焚毁。

慈禧太后“垂帘听政”时期，总理海军事务的醇亲王奕为了讨好慈禧，就在兴办海军学堂的名义下，开始了修复清漪园的工种，并取“颐养冲和”之意，改名为“颐和园”。

工程延续了将近十年，直至一八九五年才基本结束。

一九00年，八国联军侵入北京，慈禧带着光绪出逃到西安，颐和园又遭到破坏，慈禧从西安返回北京后，又动用巨款，将颐和园修复。

这里不但成为慈禧晚年避暑、游览、做寿的御苑，而且是她进行内政、外交、政治活动的行宫。

一九一四年，颐和园作为皇家花园由清皇室售票开放。

一九二四年，清末皇帝溥仪离开北京，颐和园辟为公园。

在颐和园西侧有静明园。

园内有巍峨的玉泉山，有享有盛名的“玉泉趵突”泉，景物奇丽诱人，为京郊四大名园之一。

山东省导游证考试 各种问题

上学的时候干了三游，毕业后就不干了。

从旅游的角度看，导游证没有必要考，考了也不一定过。

山东主要考三孔，泰山……旅游局有教材，但是你报名后还需要参加旅游局的培训（或者通过后参加，此处还得交钱）你拿到的资格被景点认可，某些小地方可以。

但是多数成熟景点都有刷卡器，只有导游证正规国导才有IC卡芯片。

年检要交费，带团按照天数还要收费，带团结束需要交还旅游局。

不与旅行社签订合同好像是拿不到导游证的合同去旅游局，还要带派团单（也就是你要出团了才能领证），下团后返还。

故宫，丽江，西藏的很多点都是带团也要交钱。

丽江市直接到达后一律由本地导游接管，所以导游证没有任用。

我也有打算，但是总体看不是很划算。