南京明城墙英文导游词

Nanjing Ming Dynasty city wall, according to preliminary estimate cost hundreds of millions of pieces of bricks. City general long 40,45 centimeters,20 centimeters wide, thick 10- 12cm, weight10kg to 20 kg. Because the city from all over, so the whole material of soil also presents diversity ( clay, sandy soil, kaolin etc.). Most bricks have inscriptions, little criterion a ( or a symbol, mark ), more than 70Chinese characters, which is not only the Nanjing city wall of Ming Dynasty is one of the major characteristics, is also the Nanjing city wall of Ming Dynasty history cultural heritage is an important part of.Nanjing Ming Dynasty city wall with so great wall, which is relying on regional burn unit provided? Because of well-documented shortage is unknown, in recent decades the workers or people on the whole inscription diligently research, Buding, is a has not yet been completely statistics accurate information: Nanjing Ming Dynasty city wall bricks were used, the Yangtse River, downstream from the vast region, including present-day Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei 5 provinces office, state, county, and the army guard, and Ministry of construction division, nearly 200 units to organize the human system, billet production.In order to ensure the construction quality of city fire wall in the capital Nanjing, the requirements throughout the production wall brick firing house, state, county, a total of, first, a small, brick, the joy of Potter in 5 to6 grade responsibility person name, so that the acceptance of unqualified brick for brick people responsibility, or even killed. This harsh responsibility, but that the Nanjing Ming Dynasty city wall in the process of building high quality.Nanjing City inscription writing, generally can be divided into the study and the folk two class. The former belongs to government officials, scholars in the country scholar, its font smooth neat, point, skimming, hook, Na great scholar breath; the latter is barely know the rudiments, even no pen to write craftsman, when Adobe after ejection, just pick up the side of a small branch of a tree, in the left side of the county brick with great care, armor and its own name, simple font shows several villages of gas. The whole inscription font, fragrance, Li, Wei, Kai, the body are prepared, contains a light stone. There is a kind of chirography of the most charm, in Chinese calligraphy dictionary is also difficult to find its home, but one is not twisted not fibrillation, that is from the folk art of calligraphy. From the inscriptions on the techniques, can be divided into printing, cutting, writing in three forms. Among them, the double stamping because glyph font stroke is fine, the brick clay quality higher requirements.More surprising is the Ming Dynasty city wall tiles found on the Ming Dynasty was a dictionary to simplified characters, such as Deng, Liu etc..

陕西西安古城墙英语导游词

The City Wall of Xi"an is one of oldest existing Chinese city wall. It is based in Xi"an, an ancient capital of China.194 BCE: Construction of the first city wall of Chang"an began, which did not finish until 190 BCE. The wall measured

【第25句】：7 km in length, 12-16 m in thickness at the base. The area within the wall was ca. 36 km

【第2句】： 1370: Ming Dynasty built a new wall to protect a much smaller city of 12 km

【第2句】： The wall measures

【第11句】：9 km in circumference, 12 m in height, and 15-18 m in thickness at the base.

西安明城墙的标准导游词谁有

急

Xian City Wall is the best-preserved ancient city wall in China and also the largest and most complete military facility in the world.　　Xian City Wall was built in Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) expanded from the city wall remains of the Shui and Tang Dynasty. The walls are still strong and solid nowadays. Its well-preserved walls, moat, gates, drawbridge, main towers, watchtowers, parapet walls and crenels etc display an ancient defense system in integrity for the tourists today.　　Walking around the City Wall takes about 3 hours as the full length is almost 14 kilometers. There are 15 exits along the City Wall and 9 of them have tickets offices and the most convenient and busy gate is the South Gate (Nan Men). Tourist cars are available on the wall as well as bicycle-renting at the South Gate (Nan Men) and the North Gate (Bei Men).　　西安城墙是明初在唐长安皇城的基础上建筑起来的　　中世纪机后期历史上最著名的城垣之一　　古代城垣中至今保存最完整的一处　　世界上现存规模最大、最完整的古代军事城堡设施　　从洪武三年，也就是公元1370年，到洪武十一年，也就是公元1378年，历时8年　　西、南两面城墙基本上和唐长安城皇城的范围相同。

东、北两面城墙分别向外扩移了三分之一。

　　这座城墙的外形是一座长方形。

　　城墙高12米，顶宽12—14米，底宽15—18米。

　　南城墙长4256米，北城墙长4262米，西城墙长2706米，东城墙长2886米，周长

【第13句】：9公里。

　　最初的西安城墙采用黄土夯打而成。

在城墙墙基和墙顶还分别有一层厚80厘米和45厘米的三合土层。

　　这种三合土用黄土与石灰、糯米汁、猕猴桃汁拌合而成。

干燥之后，坚硬如石，用镐都刨不动。

　　1983年以来，陕西省和西安市人民政府对这座古城墙进行了大规模修缮　　补建已被拆毁的东门、北门箭楼、南门闸楼、吊桥，并建成了环城公园　　西安古城墙包括护城河、吊桥、闸楼、箭楼、正楼、角楼、敌楼、女儿墙、垛口等一系列军事设施，构成科学、严密、完整的军事防御体系。

　　护城河也叫“城壕”,是城墙的第一道防线。

它可以阻滞敌人进攻,甚至可以利用有利地形把敌人趁机消灭。

　　环绕西安城墙的护城河宽20米,深7米。

跨过护城河就是城门，而连接护城河与城门的唯一通道就是吊桥。

　　吊桥的桥头两侧有铁环，贯以粗大的铁索与麻绳，系在闸楼上，用滑轮控制升降。

　　平时，守城士兵听从晨钟暮鼓的指挥，早晨降下吊桥，开启城门；晚上升起吊桥，断绝交通。

　　一旦发生战争，吊桥升起，城门紧闭，城门就成为坚固封闭的战斗堡垒。

　　城门是城防体系的重点，也是薄弱点。

平时，它是出入城市的通道。

战争时，又是攻守双方争夺的首要目标。

　　采用了券拱式城门。

明代以前，城门沿袭砖门的过梁式结构。

　　从军事角度看，这种城门的最大弱点是经不起火攻。

因此，城门上往往眼设置水池，以防敌人火攻。

也因此留下“城门失火，殃及鱼池”的成语。

券拱式城门的出现从根本上解决了这个问题，一色青砖结构不仅使得城门更加坚固，而且可以有效地抵御火攻。

　　在古代，双方作战，当敌人跨过护城河时，城门却又拦住了去路。

所以，在攻城的一方常有几个人扛着粗重的木桩前来撞门，要花费好长时间才能将城门撞开，而有时也可能撞不开。

　　明西安城的城门非常坚固，门扇用厚达16厘米的木板制成，一扇城门须用木材

【第2句】：8立方米，重达

【第3句】：19吨。

门扇上下横匝着9道宽15厘米，厚23厘米的铁条加固，每两道铁条的间隔处，钉有180枚四棱攒顶的铁蘑菇针。

整个门扇上共有1800枚铁蘑菇针。

这样密集的钉群，挤密了门扇的木材，增加了门扇刚度，使箭矢无法射入。

有的城门还在门扇后的城门洞内，设置了拒马桩、陷马坑、铁蒺藜等，进一步阻挡敌人进攻。

　　为了提高城门防御的保险系数，城门实际上由三重组成，即：闸楼、箭楼和主楼。

　　闸楼在最外，它的作用是升降吊桥，也叫“阙楼”、“樵楼”。

象征门阙，兼用来打更。

闸楼三面有城墙与主城墙相连，形成一个半月形的立体空间，叫“羊马城”。

敌人即使攻入闸楼城门，也好似进入瓮内，会受到来自四面居高临下的攻击，因此楼下这一空间也叫“瓮城”。

　　箭楼在正中，正面和两侧都有窗户，供射箭用。

箭楼与箭楼之间用围墙连接起来的也叫“瓮城”，瓮城内可屯兵。

无论敌人进入第一瓮城还是第二瓮城，箭楼均可发挥攻击作用。

　　正楼在最里，正楼上面的城楼是城门的主题建筑。

城楼距地面高约32米，长

【第43句】：2米，三重飞檐，四角高翘，回廊环绕，庄重稳健，是主将镇守指挥的所在。

　　城墙外侧，每隔120米有一个突出于城墙主体之外，宽20米，长12米的敌台，俗称“马面”。

整个城墙上共有“马面”98座，“马面”上面的建筑叫敌楼，两个敌台之间相距120米，正好形成一个立体交叉射击区域。

也正是弓、弩、箭等古代远射程冷兵器的有效杀伤射程。

而它的一面为60米，为“一箭之遥”。

这样的布局便于从侧面射杀攻城的敌人。

　　因此，古人有评论说：“有城无台，亦如无城，是城所以卫人，台又所以卫城也。

”敌楼供士兵避风雨和储备物资。

城墙上外侧有矮雉，又称“垛墙”，整个城墙共有5984个矮雉。

垛墙上有垛口和方孔，可供射箭和嘹望。

内侧的矮墙称为“女儿墙”，墙高1米，没有垛口，它的作用是为了防止士兵行走时坠入墙下。

在西安城墙四角各有一座城楼叫“角楼”。

如果你绕城一周，就会发现，城墙的四个角唯独西南角是圆形的，其它三个角是直角，那么这是为什么呢

其实这个角是保持了元代长安城蒙古式风格的转角圆状。

明城墙在隋、唐、元代城墙遗址基础上改建而成，范围和唐长安城皇城范围基本相同。

　　在箭楼与正楼形成的瓮城中，有同向城头的马道。

缓上没有台阶，便于战马上下。

全城共建有登城马道11处。

登城马道底部道口的门是朱漆的，俗称“大红门”。

战争期间，这里是调兵遣将的咽喉要道，必须保证畅通无阻。

为防敌人奸细混入城墙守卫部队中，登城马道戒备严密，平时不允许守成士兵私下，也不许闲杂人等靠近逗留。

等到军中禁夜炮响后，铁门便紧锁了。

　　西安城墙在东、西、南、北有四个门：长乐门、安定门、永宁门、安远门外，勿幕门、朱雀门、含光门、玉祥门、中山门、尚德门、建国门、和平门、文昌门　　钟楼和鼓楼是古代中国城市的特有建筑。

钟与鼓本是中国最早出现的打击乐器，它的诞生至少有3000年以上的历史。

最初作为祭礼、朝仪、娱神中的礼器和乐器。

大约自春秋时期，也就是公元前八世纪开始用于军事指挥。

古代中国城市兼有军事城堡性质，除城市四周构筑城墙，挖掘城壕，设置吊桥外，与之配套的还需要在城市中心修筑钟鼓楼作为指挥中枢。

平时以晨钟暮鼓报告时辰，定时启闭吊桥，紧急状态是用以报警戒严，指挥城防。

这种严密的城市防御系统在明代发展到顶峰。

西安是明代西北军政重镇，它的钟楼和鼓楼无论从建筑规模、历史价值或艺术价值各方面衡量，都居全国同类建筑之冠。

　　钟楼位于西安市东西南北四条大街的交汇处，占地11260平方米，建筑面积是1378平方米。

　　它建于公元1384年，也就是明洪武十七年，最初位于西大街的迎祥观，距目前位置1000米左右。

　　当时迎祥观是西安市的中心，但钟楼在建成200年后，随着城市中心的东移，城门改建，新的东、南、西、北四条大街形成，位于迎祥观的钟楼便日益显得偏离城市中心。

　　钟楼呈典型明代建筑艺术风格，楼高36米，重檐斗拱，攒尖高耸，屋檐微翘，华丽庄严。

由基座，楼身和楼顶三部分组成。

基座是正方形，每边长

【第35句】：5 米，高

【第8句】：6米，全部用青砖砌成。

基座四面正中各有一个高和宽都是6米的十字交叉券洞。

楼身为正方形木质结构，边长22米，高26米，四面五开间，外面以回廊环绕，里面为二层楼，楼内有木梯盘旋而上。

楼内上下两层正方形大厅里，陈列着明代以来各种名贵瓷器及红楠木家具，四面门上布满浮雕画，风格厚朴生动。

楼顶为四角攒尖结构，上面覆盖着碧绿色的琉璃瓦，顶端大圆顶高达5米，里面是木心，外贴铜皮，铜皮上再箔敷一层黄金，金光闪闪，辉煌灿烂。

　　钟楼的西北角上陈列着一口明代铁钟，重5吨，钟边铸有八卦图案。

这口钟建造以明成化年间，也就是公元1465年—1487年间。

但它比钟楼早先悬挂的铜钟却小得多了。

钟楼原先悬挂的巨钟是唐代景云年间铸造的“景云钟”。

现在这口钟收藏于西安碑林。

据说，钟楼从迎祥观迁到今址后，虽然楼的式样大小并没有改变，但景云钟却怎也敲不响了。

没有办法，只有另换。

对于景云钟不响的原因，有人认为它是“历世久远，神武有灵”，不愿被挪动；也有人说，钟置于室内正好像是“待瓮以呼”，当时应该移到楼外。

但无论如何，这给钟楼的历史又添上一层神秘的色彩。

　　与钟楼遥遥相对的是鼓楼。

鼓楼位于钟楼的西北角。

鼓楼楼底门洞为南北向，北通北院门，南达西大街。

鼓楼建于明太祖洪武十三年，也就是公元1380 年，比钟楼要早四年，与钟楼是姊妹楼。

在鼓楼的第一层北面有一面巨鼓，与钟楼上的晨钟形成暮鼓，所以称为鼓楼。

鼓楼占地1999平方米，建筑面积1804 平方米。

楼体呈长方形，总高33米，基座高8米。

基座的门洞高与宽均为6米，洞深38米。

鼓楼建筑为重檐歇山式，琉璃瓦覆顶，重檐三滴水。

楼分上、下两层。

南北檐下各有一块匾，每块匾重约3吨。

在鼓楼的外檐都饰有斗拱，四面有回廊。

在鼓楼的三楼有14根红色显柱，24根隐柱交叉。

里面挂有3只大宫灯， 12盏中宫灯，16盏小宫灯。

天花板上油漆彩绘云形图案，古色古香，十分美丽。

南京历史悠久的古城墙的导游词100字

Zhaoqing word that a two-day guided tour groups, everyone! Welcome to the travel agents to participate in our youth a two-day tour of the Mission Zhaoqing. Today, accompanied by everyone fortunate enough to visit, I am very happy, hope you will be able to share good times together. First of all, to introduce myself. I am a tour guide this trip, I called XXX, you can call me or Zhu Ming Tsai on the list. Now, I have to talk about the journey we are most concerned about, take a look at what we have to go to fun places to play. This is the tour we Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing is a national historical and cultural city, the first batch of China"s excellent tourist city.To Qixingyan, Dinghushan Xinghu composed of scenic spots is the first batch of key national scenic spots and is also the first batch of ten national demonstration sites of civilization, one of the tourism landscape. First of all, our first stop today is going to Qixingyan, Qixingyan, the lake area of 530 hectares, of Yanfeng 7 tall and straight, the sky like a big dipper. Lake in the mountains, the mountains are holes, the holes have a river, known as the first Lingnan wonders. The wonders of the Lingnan first name the Qixingyan located on the northern outskirts of Zhaoqing. Seven different forms of limestone stacks standing lake, the Big Dipper layout of the shape of the sky, named Qixingyan. WereLangzhong named as the wind rocks, Yu-Ping Yan, Yan Shishi, Tianzhu Rock, Toad Rock, Rock仙掌, the Arab-Israeli rock slope. Lake Qixingyan five or six posts, seven rocks, composed of eight holes. Out of seven Weizhi Beidou Yanfeng as mounted on the

【第6句】：5 square kilometers of the lake rippling blue waves, constitutes a picturesque landscape like; east fairy Buddhist concept, the Millennium Temple (a m-dong); West wave Zhaohui sea; south gate the night, the first musical fountain in Asia; north Awa springs (dual-source-dong), Eastern Buddhist temple (500 Ocean Island); in yuping Pinnacle, champion Liu-fang, the moon in the water rock clouds, Shishi possession odd poem Millennium Gallery, Tianzhu Reaching for the Stars, Autumn仙掌attractions, peopleFavorite linger. Qixingyan to set Mountain Guilin, Hangzhou Water and is famous at home and abroad. Qixingyan is located in the City Center, backed by mountains, Northridge. Qi Zhi 7 out because if the Big Dipper, it got its name. Qixingyan many legends of the origin, it said that the seven peaks Qixingyan Nuwa 7 Sky-Hole Patching Lingshi left; there are said to be the envy of the world the sky seven fairies, Zhaoqing and下凡love alone does not return, and so on. Qixingyan the opening of the Tang Dynasty began in the early years, after which both the development and construction of history. After new China was founded, through the rationale SanjiWater, landscaping, repair of monuments, adding a new downturn, the construction of tourist facilities, so that even more fascinating charm Qixingyan. Approval of the State Council in 1982 to become the first national key scenic spots. Langzhong Qixingyan Scenic Area by the wind, yuping, Shishi, Tianzhu, toads,仙掌, slope, such as Afghanistan and East Lake 7 Qifeng, Qinglian Lake, Center Lake, Baltic lake, Lake in the composition of the five Great Lakes. The whole ring of water around the scenic mountain, pavilion pavilion pavilion, shimmering rock video, the issue as a whole, the best natural scenery, to theThe wonders of the Lingnan first, human-xian JING, Bonsai natural landscape of reputation. Over the years thousands of famous people do not know how many letters dumped and left countless poems. West Lake water by a circle, but also shift reactor Yangshuo Mountain 7;堤边Liu added fishes, long frame between heaven and earth to stay. Chairman Ye Jianying"s poem summarizes the Qixingyan highly poetic landscape. Attractions Qixingyan many of which pay homage to the arch of the landscape, Pinghu Youtong embankment, Langzhong Sunset Wind, yuping Pinnacle, Shilin kurtosis bones, Hongqiao雪浪, the moon in the water rock clouds, song get on Taiwan, Tibet Shishi odd Millennium Poetry Gallery, Ha Young-ok, Tianzhu Reaching for the Stars, Lianhu boating, the Arab-Israeli slope springs, stay drunk桂轩To Qixingyan, Dinghushan Xinghu composed of scenic spots is the first batch of key national scenic spots and is also the first batch of ten national demonstration sites of civilization, one of the tourism landscape. First of all, our first stop today is going to Qixingyan, Qixingyan, the lake area of 530 hectares, of Yanfeng 7 tall and straight, the sky like a big dipper. Lake in the mountains, the mountains are holes, the holes have a river, known as the first Lingnan wonders. The wonders of the Lingnan first name the Qixingyan located on the northern outskirts of Zhaoqing. Seven different forms of limestone stacks standing lake, the Big Dipper layout of the shape of the sky, named Qixingyan. Were

急需一篇开封府的英语导游词

钟楼位于西安市中心，墙内东西南北四条大交汇处，是中国现存钟楼中形制、保存最完整的一座。

建于明太祖洪武十七年（1384年），初建于今广济街口，与鼓楼相对，明神宗万历十年（1582年）整体迁移于今址。

钟楼建在方型基座之上，为砖木结构，重楼三层檐，四角攒顶的形式，总高36米，占地面积1377平方米。

[1] 1956年8月6日，陕西省人民委员会公布钟楼为省级文物保护单位。

1996年11月20日，西安钟楼被国务院公布为全国重点文物保护单位。

[2]